Table 4.
Factor structure of the activity-related practices items of the Child-care Food and Activity Parenting Questionnaire (CFAPQ), percentage of variance accounted for by each factor and reliability estimates
| Activity-related practices items | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| How often do you… | A-MOD† | A-PC | A-PST | A-T/AS† | A-GO† |
| …set an example for the children by being physically active in front of them? | 0·74 | ||||
| …play active games with the children (such as playing ball or racing)? | 0·71 | ||||
| …find fun games that get the children moving? | 0·76 | ||||
| …play a sport or active game together with the children (and perhaps with other child-care staff)? | 0·82 | ||||
| …set time aside for active play? | 0·62 | ||||
| …dance with the children? | 0·47 | −0·34 | |||
| …play sports games with the children (such as soccer)? | 0·77 | ||||
| …discipline children for being too active? | 0·66 | −0·30 | |||
| …tell children they are not (yet) good enough at sports or active games? | 0·58 | ||||
| …tell children they will get hurt if they play actively? | 0·70 | ||||
| …reward children for being still? | 0·53 | 0·36 | |||
| …not let children play actively for fear of them getting dirty? | 0·56 | ||||
| …keep children occupied by letting them watch television? | 0·83 | ||||
| …allow children to watch television for long periods of time? | 0·85 | ||||
| …allow children to play a lot of video games? | 0·53 | 0·47 | |||
| …say positive things to motivate children to be more active? | 0·60 | 0·21 | |||
| …teach the children new and different ways to be active? | 0·55 | 0·48 | |||
| …teach the children that being active is good for their health? | 0·30 | 0·60 | |||
| …allow children to pick an active game to do together? | 0·54 | 0·59 | |||
| …give the children choices of what physical activities to do? | 0·66 | ||||
| …go on a walk with the children? | 0·87 | ||||
| …take the children to the park? | 0·81 | ||||
| Percentage of variance accounted for | 26·58 | 10·86 | 8·10 | 7·21 | 5·55 |
| Cronbach’s α coefficient | 0·85 | 0·58 | 0·68 | 0·75 | 0·76 |
| Average corrected item–total correlation (for each scale) | 0·62 | 0·35 | 0·51 | 0·53 | 0·61 |
| Range corrected item–total correlation (for the items of each scale) | 0·43–0·75 | 0·24–0·54 | 0·40–0·59 | 0·47–0·59 | 0·61–0·61 |
| Mean | 3·66 | 1·74 | 1·28 | 3·57 | 2·92 |
| sd | 0·48 | 0·48 | 0·38 | 0·51 | 0·79 |
n 116. Factors are labelled as follows: A-MOD, activity-related Modelling; A-PC, activity-related Psychological control; A-PST, activity-related Promote screen time; A-T/AS, activity-related Teaching/Autonomy support; A-GO, Activity-related Going outdoors. Only factor loadings higher than the absolute value of 0·30 are reported. Bold values represent the final factor structure.
The original ‘encouragement’ factor of the Preschooler Physical Activity Parenting Practices (PPAPP) questionnaire( 36 ) was not confirmed, but was divided into three different subscales, namely A-MOD, A-T/AS and A-GO. Sample size used to measure internal consistency estimates: A-MOD, n 158; A-PC, n 156; A-PST, n 124; A-T/AS, n 154; A-GO, n 158. The single item ‘How often do you have outdoor toys available for the children (e.g. skipping ropes, balls)?’ was not included in the factor analysis, but retained as a single item (mean=4·66, sd=0·51).