Figure 3. Pup retrieval testing.

An asterisk (*) denotes statistical significance (P≤0.05) between High-Active and Control groups. A. The average latency in seconds (±SEM) for dams to retrieve a displaced pup from the corner and return it to the nest across the four days of retrieval sessions. B. The percentage (±SEM) of dams with nests constructed in the home cage across the four days of pup retrieval tests. C. The average number of Control vs High-Active dams (±SEM) which failed to retrieve pups across the four days. These dams were removed from all subsequent pup retrieval analyses. D. On the final day of pup retrieval testing (Day 4), the total time in minutes (±SEM) for dams to return all pups back into the nest. Litter sizes were not significantly different between Control and High-Active dams. E. Average number of trampling events (±SEM) during pup retrieval across all four days. A trampling event was defined as the dam running over one or more pups. F. Average number of approaches without retrieving pups (±SEM) across all four days. Approaches were defined as a dam investigating a distressed pup with its nose for one or more seconds, but not returning it to the nest. G. Average number of digging events (±SEM) performed during pup retrieval across all four days. A digging event was defined as focused bedding displacement for one or more seconds.