Table 5.
Mean (standard deviation: SD) pressure pain thresholds (kPa) assessed over the overall low back Pall (representing the average of the 14 PPT assessments) and level of significance (p-values) among trials using gender and a median split for age, body mass index (BMI) and, pain intensity. See “Procedure to mark the 14 anatomical locations” for explanation concerning the locations of PPT assessments
| Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 3 | T1-T2-T3 | T1−T2 | T1−T3 | T2−T3 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | (SD) | Mean | (SD) | Mean | (SD) | Mean | (SD) | p-value | p-value | p-value | |
| Males | 565.6* | 230.0 | 580.7 | 238.2 | 587.3 | 231.9 | 587.3 | 231.9 | 0.9817 | 0.9627 | 0.9965 |
| Females | 403.3 | 201.1 | 413.7 | 223.8 | 428.1 | 228.3 | 415.0 | 212.5 | 0.9919 | 0.9547 | 0.9844 |
| Age ≤ 41 | 498.6 | 227.7 | 495.8 | 231.5 | 506.0 | 230.7 | 500.1 | 224.7 | 0.9994 | 0.9957 | 0.9919 |
| Age > 41 | 486.7 | 238.7 | 516.6 | 262.9 | 526.6 | 258.1 | 510.0 | 247.8 | 0.9479 | 0.9092 | 0.9940 |
| BMI ≤ 25 | 470.6 | 197.9 | 474.2 | 204.9 | 484.0 | 187.9 | 476.3 | 192.3 | 0.9987 | 0.9823 | 0.9906 |
| BMI > 25 | 513.7 | 259.7 | 535.3 | 277.7 | 545.8 | 283.7 | 531.6 | 267.9 | 0.9744 | 0.9449 | 0.9940 |
| Pain ≤ 2.5 | 572.7 | 230.5 | 606.0* | 237.0 | 613.4* | 227.3 | 597.4* | 226.6 | 0.9236 | 0.8884 | 0.9961 |
| Pain > 2.5 | 418.3 | 207.7 | 412.4 | 215.6 | 425.0 | 221.2 | 418.6 | 210.0 | 0.9968 | 0.9960 | 0.9858 |
* significant difference between groups (p < 0.05)