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. 2016 Aug 18;15:144. doi: 10.1186/s12934-016-0544-1

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© The Author(s) 2016

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 3 — NMR analysis of the ¹³C tracing fermentations. Expansions of HSQC spectra of a the culture supernatant of the control strain H2806 (CEN.PK 113-1A) and b the strain H4535 containing the genes gaaA, lgd1, gaaC, gaaD and gat1. Signals of glycerol produced by H4535 are highlighted in red and the inserts show cross sections of these signals along F1, revealing the ¹³C-¹³C scalar coupling fine structure. These signals were not detected for the control strain. Part of the alpha carbon region of HSQC spectra of biomass hydrolysate of c the control strain and d the engineered strain, showing the ¹³C-¹³C scalar coupling fine structure in most signals