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. 2016 Aug 18;13:187. doi: 10.1186/s12974-016-0653-0

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© The Author(s). 2016

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 4 — ENS culture releases cytokines and chemokines in response to LPS. Rat embryonic ENS culture was stimulated for 24 h and culture supernatants were collected and centrifuged prior to measuring cytokine and chemokine secretion. a TNF-α (n = 4–8; LPS vs. control and Bay 11-7082 + LPS, ***P < 0.001; Bay 11-7082 + LPS vs. control, ***P < 0.001). b IL-6 (n = 4–8; LPS vs. control and Bay 11-7082 + LPS, ***P < 0.001). c MCP-1 (n = 4–8; LPS vs. control, ***P < 0.001; LPS vs. Bay 11-7082 + LPS, **P < 0.01). d Distribution studies show IL-6 and MCP-1 colocalisation with TLR4⁺ neurons. White arrows show TLR4^- IL-6-producing cells. Scale bars: 25 μm