. 2015 Mar 2;94(3):534–543. doi: 10.3382/ps/peu075

Table 4.

Summary of house-level average daily emission rates (ERs) of ammonia (NH₃) and particulate matter (PM₁₀) for the conventional cage (CC), aviary (AV), and enriched colony (EC) housing systems under different ranges of ambient temperature conditions.

Gas or PM	Daily avg. ambient temperature range (^oC)	Average daily ERs (Mean and SE)
		Conventional cage (CC)	Aviary (AV)	Enriched colony (EC)
NH₃ (g/hen/d)	<0	0.055 (0.003)^c,B	0.119 (0.010)^c,A	0.045 (0.003)^c,B
	0 to 10	0.053 (0.003)^c,A,B	0.077 (0.009)^d,A	0.036 (0.002)^c,B
	10 to 20	0.075 (0.005)^c,A	0.088 (0.008)^d,A	0.048 (0.004)^c,B
	20 to 25	0.133 (0.017)^b,A	0.151 (0.019)^b,A	0.080 (0.010)^b,B
	>25	0.189 (0.053)^a,A	0.197 (0.066)^a,A	0.121 (0.036)^a,B
PM₁₀ (mg/hen/d)	<0	5.9 (0.3)^b,B	80.8 (5.5)^c,A	7.2 (0.6)^c,B
	0 to 10	9.4 (0.9)^b,B	100.6 (8.0)^b,A	10.3 (0.6)^b,c,B
	10 to 20	24.5 (2.9)^a,B	138.0 (10.8)^a,A	16.5 (1.2)^a,b,B
	20 to 25	28.3 (2.0)^a,B	91.6 (17.1)^b,c,A	25.5 (1.9)^a,C
	>25	37.5 (5.3)^a,A,B	65.9 (30.4)^c,A	25.9 (5.4)^a,B

Within a housing system (column), NH₃ or PM₁₀ ER means with different lowercase superscripts are significantly different (P < 0.05). Among the housing systems (i.e., within each row), NH₃ or PM₁₀ ER means with different uppercase superscripts are significantly different (P < 0.05).