| Malina |
Atorvastatin (10 mg/d) for 4 weeks run-in period, and then stable doses of atorvastatin (40 mg/d) |
Plant sterol, 2.0 g/d |
No |
No oral plant sterols |
Reinforcing lifestyle changes |
| Andrade |
Stable statin therapy |
Plant sterol, 2.0 g/d |
No |
Free plant sterols |
Maintaining their usual dietary pattern as well as physical activity |
| Hallikainen |
Stable doses of atorvastatin, rosuvastatin or simvastatin |
Plant stanols, 3.0 g/d |
Yes |
about 0.1 g/d plant sterols |
Vegetable oil-based spread provided by Raisio Nutrition Ltd. 64% fat for intervention group, and 49% fat for control group |
| Kelly |
Stably with statin |
Plant sterols, 2.5 g/d Plant stanols, 2.5 g/d |
Yes |
Free plant stanols |
Keeping the normal diet and physical exercise level, and smoking and alcohol consumption |
| Plat |
A low-dose OTC statin (10 mg simvastatin) |
Plant stanol, 2 g/d |
Yes |
No oral plant sterols |
No change in habitual diet other than low-fat yogurt drink (234 kJ/100mL) |
| De Jong |
Stable doses of atorvastatin, simvastatin orpravastatin |
Plant sterols, 2.5 g/d Plant stanols, 2.5 g/d |
Yes |
No added plant stanol |
No change in habitual diet other than margarine use |
| Fuentes |
Stable doses of atorvastatin or simvastatin (40 mg/d) for at least 8 weeks prior |
Sitosterol, 2.5 g/d |
No |
<0.5 g/d plant sterol from control diet |
280–300 mg/d cholesterol, <30% fat, <10% saturated fat, 6% PUFA, 12% MUFA |
| Fuentes |
Stable doses of atorvastatin or simvastatin (40 mg/d) for at least 8 weeks prior |
Sitosterol, 2.5 g/d |
No |
<0.5 g/d plant sterol from control diet |
150mg/d cholesterol, <30% fat, <10% saturated fat, 6% PUFA, 12% MUFA |
| Goldberg |
Stable statin dose for at least 3months prior |
Plant stanols, 1.8 g/d |
No |
Placebo tablet containing starch |
American Heart Association Heart Healthy Diet |
| Cabezas |
Stable doses of atorvastatin or simvastatin (80 mg/d) for at least 6 months prior |
Plant stanols, 3g/d |
No |
No adding plant stanol |
Dietary education only |
| Cater |
Stable doses of simvastatin or atorvastatin for ≥2 months prior |
Plant stanol, 3 g/d |
Yes |
No adding plant stanol |
A diet low in saturated fat (<10% daily calories) and cholesterol (<300 mg/d) |
| Simons |
Cerivastatin (400 ug/d) |
Plant sterol, 2 g/d |
Yes |
Virtually no serol |
American Heart Association Step I diet |
| Blair |
Stable doses of atorvastatin, pravastatin. simvastatin or lovastatin for at least 90 days prior |
Plant stanol, 3 g/d |
Yes |
No adding plant stanol |
No change in habitual diet other than margarine use for intervention group, 24 g/d of matching canola oil-based placebo margarine with average fat content of 18 g for control group |
| Gylling |
Pravastatin (40 mg/d) |
Sitostanol, 3g/d |
Yes |
50.2 mg/d campesterol and 69.1mg/d sitostanol |
No change in habitual diet other than margarine use |
| Richter |
Maximally tolerated dose of lovastatin (56.5 ± 25.0 mg/d) |
β-sitosterol, 6 g/d |
No |
No oral plant sterol |
A cholesterol-lowing diet as recommended by the European Atherosclerosis Society |
