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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Nov 2.
Published in final edited form as: Nature. 2016 May 2;533(7603):369–373. doi: 10.1038/nature17633

Figure 3. Dynamic and auxetic nature of 2D C98RhuA crystals.

Figure 3

a, Reconstructed 2D images of seven (I-VII) distinct conformational states of 2D C98RhuA crystals. b, High-magnification views and derived structural models of conformations II, V and VII. Unit cells and hinge angles (α) between C98RhuA units are highlighted in black and red, respectively. c, Population distributions of C98RhuA crystals in different conformational states during repeated resuspension/sedimentation cycles. n refers to the total number of individual lattices analyzed in each panel. d, Schematic representation of the rotating, rigid square model that describes the 2D C98RhuA lattice dynamics. ΔX and ΔY denote changes in transverse and longitudinal dimension lengths upon lattice opening and closing. e, Digital image correlation analysis of reconstructed TEM images of C98RhuA crystals for determining auxetic behaviour. Representative volume elements in the lattices of the two extreme states (I and VII) are indicated with red squares and the vectors M, N (in state I) and m, n (in state VII) to calculate local engineering strains are shown with cyan arrows. f, Calculated Poisson's ratios of lattice conformational states with respect to state I.