TABLE 1.
Preoperative and intraoperative patient characteristics
| Variable* | Normal (n = 21) | Nonrecurrent IMR (n = 37) | Recurrent IMR (n = 13) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, y | 66.1 ± 14.4 | 68.0 ± 9.0 | 62.5 ± 13.0 |
| Female | 8 (38) | 11 (30) | 6 (46) |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 32.2 ± 8.0 | 28.5 ± 4.4 | 29.4 ± 6.5 |
| Medical history | |||
| Hypertension | 11 (52) | 29 (78) | 9 (69) |
| Diabetes | 6 (29) | 18 (49) | 5 (38) |
| Renal insufficiency | 3 (14) | 8 (22) | 1 (8) |
| Atrial fibrillation | 2 (10) | 14 (38)‡ | 4 (31) |
| Stroke | 2 (10) | 4 (11) | 1 (8) |
| Previous PCI | 3 (14) | 14 (38) | 5 (38) |
| Previous CABG | 2 (10) | 6 (16) | 5 (38) |
| NYHA class, 1–4 scale | 2.4 ± 0.8 | 2.4 ±0.8 | 2.7 ± 0.8 |
| LVEF, % | 65.2 ± 10.1 | 38.2 ± 14.7‡ | 32.3 ± 12.5§ |
| IMR grade, 0–4 scale | 0.3 ± 0.5 | 3.2 ± 0.7‡ | 3.3 ± 0.8§ |
| Basal aneurysm/dyskinesis | 0 (0) | 1 (3) | 7 (54)†, § |
| Inferior wall motion abnormality | 0 (0) | 32 (86) | 10 (77) |
| LVEDD, cm | 4.7 ± 0.8 | 5.7 ± 0.8‡ | 6.0 ± 1.0§ |
| LVESD, cm | 3.2 ± 0.8 | 4.6 ± 0.8‡ | 5.1 ± 1.2§ |
| Annuloplasty ring | |||
| Profile 3D ring | - | 23 (62) | 12 (92) |
| CE Physio II ring (Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine, Calif) | - | 7 (19) | 1 (8) |
| CG Future band (Medtronic, Minneapolis, Minn) | - | 6 (16) | 0 (0) |
| St Jude tailor flexible ring (St Jude Medical Inc, St Paul, Minn) | - | 1 (3) | 0 (0) |
| Ring size, mm | - | 29.0 ±1.7 | 28.6 ± 1.3 |
| Concomitant procedures | |||
| CABG | 6 (29) | 25 (68)‡ | 8 (62) |
| Aortic valve replacement | 14 (67) | 4 (11)‡ | 0 (0)§ |
| Tricuspid valve repair | 0 (0) | 4 (11) | 2 (15) |
| Atrial maze | 0 (0) | 7 (19) | 0 (0) |
| Atrial septal defect closure | 1 (5) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
IMR, Ischemic mitral regurgitation; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; CABG, coronary artery bypass grafting; NYHA, New York Heart Association; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; LVEDD, left ventricular end-diastolic diameter; LVESD, left ventricular end-systolic diameter; 3D, 3-dimensional.
*
Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation or number (%).
†
P < .05 recurrent versus nonrecurrent.
‡
P < .05 nonrecurrent versus normal.
§
P < .05 recurrent versus normal.