Table 2. Eighteen candidate reference genes, PCR amplification primers, melting temperature (Tm), amplification efficiencies (E), and correlation coefficients (R²) examined in Moringa oleifera.

Genes	Abbreviation	E	R2	Primer sequences (Forward/reverse)	Tm (°C)	Amplicon length(bp)
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase	GAPDH	1.019	0.999	AGCACAACAAGAAGGCGATAC/ CGATGGCAATGGACGGAATAT	84.34	190
Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase	PEPC	0.974	0.998	AAGAACAAAAGGCACAGACCAAC/ GATCCCTACTTAAAGCAAAGACTC	86.41	297
Acyl carrier protein	ACP1	0.952	1.000	AAACTTCTCCCACTGATGCG/ TCTTCGTGTTCTCCGTCCC	83.54	219
Acyl carrier protein	ACP2	1.002	1.000	GAAACCAATGAGCACCCAGC/ GATGAATACCAGTCCACCGCAAC	80.80	87
Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme	UBCE	1.028	0.994	TCTATTGTTGTATGATGGGTAATGTG/ GGAAGGCGAGAACTGGAA	82.38	123
Ubiquitin extension protein	UEP	1.042	0.999	AAAAACCGCATAAACAAAAAGAG/ GCCCTCCTCCAGTTCTACAAG	87.57	204
Malate dehydrogenase	MDH1	0.913	0.999	GATAATACACTGCTGATCTCGG/ TAAACTTTGAGGGCATCGTC	82.75	131
Malate dehydrogenase	MDH2	0.903	0.994	TAGAAACGCACTAATAAAGACAAAGG/ AGAGTGGACAATAGTTCAAGGGC	83.27	146
Actin	ACT	0.939	0.994	TGGAAAGTGTCAAAGTGGGG/ CGATAATAACAACAGTAATGGCAGC	80.92	101
Elongation factor	EF1	0.951	1.000	ATCTGGCTTCTCAACTTCTGTC/ CCTCTTCTCCCTAAAACCCTAG	83.61	157
Elongation factor	EF2	0.950	0.995	CGAAGATGAAGAGGTGGGAG/ GCACTTGCCAAGCCTTTC	84.51	237
Alpha tubulin	TUA1	0.977	1.000	CCCACATACACCAACCTCAAC/ ACATCAAGCAGCAAGCCAT	84.76	292
Alpha tubulin	TUA2	0.963	0.996	AGACTCAGCACCCACCTCCTC/ TGTTCTCCCGCATTGACCAC	85.69	158
Beta-tubulin	TUB	0.994	0.996	AGTGTAATGCCCCTTAGCC/ CCAAGTTCTGGGAAGTAGTCTGT	85.86	269
Cyclophilin	CYP1	0.988	0.999	GAACTTGGAGCCGTAGATGG/ CCCGTTGGGCGTGTCGTTA	89.08	225
Cyclophilin	CYP2	0.958	0.996	TCTTTCTTGATTCACCACCCACTTG/ CATCTTCGCTGGATACTGTCG	83.39	177
Ribosomal protein L	RPL1	1.041	0.997	TGCTCGTGAAGCCGTAAAG/ CAAACCCTGAAGCCTCTGC	84.84	135
Ribosomal protein L	RPL2	0.972	0.998	TTTGGCTGGTTCCTGTTTAT/ ACGGTACAAGCAATGTATCCTG	81.40	125