Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2016 Jul 19;23(4):295–310. doi: 10.1093/dnares/dsw029

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

© The Author 2016. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Kazusa DNA Research Institute.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@oup.com

PMC Copyright notice

Figure 4. — Epigenetic analysis of aDNA. As a result of cytosine and methyl-cytosine deamination in postmortem sample, we observe C→U and mC→T conversions. When Taq polymerase is used for DNA amplification, both C→U and mC→T will be recorded as T (this is the major difference between ancient and bisulphite-treated samples when only unmethylated cytosine in converted to U while mC remains unchanged). When Pfu polymerase is used, U will not be amplified, while those T that appeared as a result of mC→T conversion will be read as T. The pie charts demonstrate the ratio of sequenced C to T. This C/T ratio with Taq and Pfu along with comparison with the reference genome allows detection of methylated cytosines: in the case of postmortem deamination C→U and PCR by Pfu the frequency of T will be decreased.