Table 1. Fixed (energetic) coefficients for honeybee and nectar.
| Coefficient | Symbol | Dimension | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maximum foraging distance | Dmax | m | 2000a | |
| Flying speed | v | m s−1 | 4.17b | de Vries & Biesmeijer (1998) |
| Flight cost (unloaded) | eU | J s-1 | 0.037c | Seeley (1986) |
| Flight cost (loaded) | eL | J s-1 | 0.075 | Seeley (1986) |
| Capacity (maximum load) | γ | mg | 32.5 | Winston (1987) |
| Energetic value sugar | eSUGAR | J mg-1 | 17.2 | Seeley (1985) |
| Time unloading nectar and dancing | tUD | s | 300d | Seeley, Camazine & Sneyd (1991) |
Notes.
a
Specific for studied scenarios. Considerably longer distances have been reported, e.g. max. 13.5 km, 95% within 6 km, mean 2.3 km (Beekman & Ratnieks, 2000).
b
Other reported value 6.95 m s-1 (Seeley, 1995).
c
Other reported value 0.0334 J s-1 (Schmid-Hempel, Kacelnik & Houston, 1985 and references therein).
d
Goodwin et al. (2011) observed longer times in the hive between foraging (11.13 min). Range 150–300 in the model of Seeley, Camazine & Sneyd (1991).