Table 4.

Client reports of disrespect and abuse

Type of Disrespect and Abuse	Postpartum Interview N = 1914 n (%)	Community Follow-Up N = 64 n (%)	p-value
Any form of disrespect or abuse	278(15)	50(70)	<0.001
Physical abuse	84(5)	33 (52)	<0.001
Kicked	2(0.1)	1(1)	0.03
Pinched	22(1)	3(5)	0.02
Slapped	23(1)	17(27)	<0.001
Pushed	12(0.6)	4(6)	<0.001
Beaten	4(0.2)	5(8)	<0.001
Episiotomy without anesthesia	1(0.1)	1(2)	<0.001
Tied to the delivery bed	2(0.1)	0 (0)	0.80
Other	17(0.9)	9(14)	<0.001
Non-consented care	4(0.2)	3(5)	<0.001
Abdominal Palpation	2(0.1)	0 (0)	0.79
Vaginal Examination	4(0.2)	1(2)	0.35
Episiotomy	0(0)	1(1)	<0.001
Other	0 (0)	1(2)	<0.001
Non-confidential care	32(2)	34 (54)	<0.001
Discussed personal issues in earshot of other clients	1(0.1)	1(2)	0.004
Health information discussed with non-health staff	0(0)	2(3)	<0.001
Other	0(0)	0(0)	0.79
Lack of Privacy	35(2)	34(53)	<0.001
No screens blocking view during delivery or examination	16(0.8)	29(45)	<0.001
Uncovered during delivery or examination	17(0.9)	31(48)	<0.001
Non-dignified care	121(6)	34(53)	<0.001
Shouted at	35(2)	24(38)	<0.001
Scolded	90(5)	16(25)	<0.001
Threatened to withhold services	1(0.1)	1(2)	0.04
Called by insulting name	3(0.2)	0(0)	0.71
Laughed at or scorned	3(0.2)	0(0)	0.71
Other	12(0.6)	1(2)	0.77
Abandonment of care	147(8)	33(52)	<0.001
While in Labor	104(5)	22(34)	<0.001
While Delivering	60(3)	12(19)	<0.001
While experiencing a complication	1(0.1)	0(0)	0.79
After delivery	2(0.1)	0(0)	0.71
Other	5(0.3)	0(0)	0.64
Detention in facilities	4(0.2)	1(2)	0.17