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. 2016 Aug 20;16:299. doi: 10.1186/s12906-016-1273-z

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© The Author(s). 2016

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 3 — curcumin pretreatment reduced the levels of pro-inflammatory markers/ cytokines but increased the levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines. a Curcumin pretreatment inhibited the TNBS-induced increase of MPO activity. b The levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IFN-γ were assessed by ELISA. Curcumin pretreatment inhibited the levels of TNF-α and IFN-γ. c The levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-13, TGF-β and IL-10 were assessed by ELISA. Curcumin pretreatment elevated the levels of IL-13, TGF-β and IL-10. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001