Table 2. Cognitive Outcomes at the Most Recent Assessment.

Measures with Standard Scores (M=100; SD=15)	N	Mean ± SD	P-value*	N (%) Below Average	P-value**
Intellectual Functioning
Estimated IQa	33	94.6 ± 22.6	0.1767	12 (36%)	0.0014
Full Scale IQ	28	86.5 ± 16.8	0.0002	12 (43%)	0.0014
Academic Achievement
Reading Comprehension	30	91.3 ± 16.4	0.0066	11 (37%)	0.0020
Math Reasoning	30	88.2 ± 18.9	0.0019	15 (50%)	<0.0001
Adaptive Functioning
Adaptive Functioning Composite	13	73.4 ± 24.2	0.0019	8 (62%)	<0.0001
Visual Motor Integration
Beery VMI	17	81.8 ± 13.2	<0.0001	11 (65%)	<0.0001
Measures with T-scores (M=50; SD=10)	N	Mean ± SD	P-value*	N (%) Clinically Elevated	P-value*
Social-Emotional Functioning
Internalizing behaviors	31	54.9 ± 12.7	0.0411	13 (42%)	<0.0001
Externalizing behaviors	31	51.6 ± 14.6	0.5435	8 (26%)	0.1364
Executive Functioning
Behavioral Regulation	13	55.9 ± 17.4	0.2490	5 (38%)	0.0272
Metacognition	13	57.2 ± 15.1	0.1101	4 (31%)	0.1463
Global Executive Function	13	57.1 ± 16.0	0.1361	5 (38%)	0.0272
Attention
Commissions	15	53.9 ± 8.8	0.1111	4 (27%)	0.2598
Hit Reaction Time	15	48.1 ± 11.7	0.5453	3 (20%)	0.6726
Detectability	14	56.7 ± 8.3	0.0101	6 (43%)	0.0061
Response Style	14	65.4 ± 21.5	0.0191	6 (43%)	0.0061

^aWe calculated Estimated IQ scores for the assessments in which the Full Scale IQ was obtained and the appropriate subtests were given for Estimated IQ scores. In addition, some assessments contained only Estimated IQ scores

^*P-values were obtained by t-tests comparing sample means with a normative mean of 100 and SD of 15 for standard scores and a mean of 50 and SD of 10 for T-scores

^**P-values were obtained using Chi-square goodness of fit tests, where in a normative population 16% would be expected to have scores <85 (standard scores) or >60 (T-scores)