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Hypothetical scheme highlighting sexual dimorphism in ET system in the vasculature. Ca2+, calcium; DAG, diacylglycerol; ET-1, endothelin-1; ECE, endothelin converting enzyme; ETA/ETB, subtype A and subtype B endothelin receptors; IP3, inositol trisphosphate; MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinases; MMPs, matrix metalloproteinases; NO, nitric oxide; PGI2, prostacyclin; PLC, phospholipase C; ROS, reactive oxygen species; VSMCs, vascular smooth muscle cells.
