Table 1.
Prevalence of current smoking and results from univariate and multivariate logistic regressions predicting current cigarette smokinga among adults (aged ≥18 years) across eight potential risk factors (n = 114,426).
National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH), United States, 2011–2013.
| % Current smoking
|
Univariate logistic regression
|
Multivariate logistic regression
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prevalence
|
Main effects
|
Main effects
|
||||
| % | (95% CI) | OR | (95% CI) | AOR | (95% CI) | |
| Overall | 21.6 | (21.1, 22.1) | ||||
| Gender | ||||||
| Male | 24.3 | (23.6, 25.0) | 1.4** | (1.3, 1.4) | 1.3** | (1.3, 1.4) |
| Female | 19.0 | (18.5, 19.5) | Ref. group | Ref. group | ||
| Age group (years) | ||||||
| 18–25 | 24.7 | (24.2, 25.1) | 3.1** | (2.8, 3.5) | 2.5** | (2.2, 2.8) |
| 26–44 | 27.0 | (26.2, 27.7) | 3.5** | (3.1, 3.9) | 4.1** | (3.6, 4.6) |
| 45–64 | 21.3 | (20.4, 22.1) | 2.6** | (2.3, 2.9) | 2.8** | (2.5, 3.2) |
| ≥65 | 9.6 | (8.6, 10.5) | Ref. group | Ref. group | ||
| Race/Ethnicityb | ||||||
| White | 23.4 | (22.8, 24.0) | 3.2** | (2.8, 3.7) | 2.8** | (2.4, 3.3) |
| Black | 22.1 | (20.9, 23.3) | 3.0** | (2.5, 3.5) | 1.8** | (1.5, 2.2) |
| Hispanic | 15.4 | (14.6, 16.3) | 1.9** | (1.7, 2.2) | 0.9 | (0.8, 1.1) |
| American Indian/Alaska native | 37.2 | (31.2, 43.1) | 6.2** | (4.6, 8.4) | 3.0** | (2.2, 4.2) |
| Asian | 8.7 | (7.5, 9.8) | Ref. group | Ref. group | ||
| Other | 31.0 | (27.9, 34.0) | 4.7** | (3.9, 5.7) | 3.3** | (2.7, 4.1) |
| Education level | ||||||
| < High school | 30.8 | (29.6, 32.0) | 3.7** | (3.4, 4.0) | 4.6** | (4.2, 5.1) |
| High school graduate | 26.7 | (25.9, 27.5) | 3.0** | (2.8, 3.2) | 3.4** | (3.1, 3.6) |
| Some college | 23.0 | (22.1, 23.8) | 2.5** | (2.3, 2.7) | 2.5** | (2.3, 2.7) |
| College graduate | 10.8 | (10.1, 11.5) | Ref. group | Ref. group | ||
| Poverty statusc | ||||||
| Below poverty level | 32.8 | (31.4, 34.1) | 2.0** | (1.9, 2.1) | 1.6** | (1.5, 1.7) |
| At or above poverty level | 19.6 | (19.1, 20.2) | Ref. group | Ref. group | ||
| Any mental illnessd | ||||||
| Yes | 31.7 | (30.7, 32.7) | 1.9** | (1.9, 2.0) | 1.5** | (1.4, 1.6) |
| No | 19.2 | (18.7, 19.7) | Ref. group | Ref. group | ||
| Alcohol abuse/dependencee | ||||||
| Yes | 44.3 | (42.8, 45.9) | 3.2** | (3.0, 3.4) | 2.3** | (2.1, 2.5) |
| No | 19.8 | (19.3, 20.3) | Ref. group | Ref. group | ||
| Illicit drug abuse/dependencee | ||||||
| Yes | 63.7 | (61.4, 66.0) | 6.8** | (6.1, 7.6) | 3.7** | (3.2, 4.2) |
| No | 20.5 | (20.0, 21.0) | Ref. group | Ref. group | ||
Notes. OR = Odds ratio, AOR = Adjusted odds ratio, CI = Confidence interval, Ref. group = Reference group.
p < 0.001.
Persons who reported ever smoking all or part of a cigarette in the 30 days preceding the interview AND smoked ≥100 cigarettes in their lifetime.
The five racial/ethnicity categories (White, Black, Hispanic, American Indian/Alaska Native, Asian, Other) are mutually exclusive; “Other” includes Native Hawaiians or Other Pacific Islanders and persons of two or more races. Persons identified as Hispanic might be of any race.
Based on reported family income and poverty thresholds published by the U.S. Census Bureau.
Any mental illness is defined by the NSDUH as a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, that met the criteria found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). For details on the methodology, see Section B.4.3 in Appendix B of the Results from the 2011 NSDUH: Mental Health Findings.
Drug and alcohol abuse and dependence criteria used in the NSDUH were defined based upon the criteria listed in the DSM-IV. Illicit substances included marijuana, hallucinogens, heroin, inhalants, tranquilizers, cocaine, pain relievers, stimulants, and sedatives.