Table 2.
Results from multiple logistic regression predicting current cigarette smokinga examining significant main effects and interactions across eight risk factors considered in combination (n = 114,426).
National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH), United States, 2011–2013.
| Main effects | Wald χ2 | p Value |
|---|---|---|
| Gender | 38.22 | <0.0001 |
| Age GROUP (years)b | 3.62 | 0.306 |
| Race/Ethnicityc | 17.42 | 0.004 |
| Education leveld | 17.66 | 0.001 |
| Poverty statuse | 1.59 | 0.208 |
| Any mental illnessf | 15.15 | <0.0001 |
| Alcohol abuse/dependenceg | 543.57 | <0.0001 |
| Drug abuse/dependenceg | 353.84 | <0.0001 |
| Interactions | Wald χ2 | p value |
|---|---|---|
| Race/Ethnicityc * age group (years)b | 138.24 | <0.0001 |
| Race/Ethnicityc * education leveld | 292.01 | <0.0001 |
| Race/Ethnicityc * poverty statuse | 33.58 | <0.0001 |
| Race/Ethnicityc * any mental illnessf | 31.71 | <0.0001 |
| Race/Ethnicityc * gender | 125.45 | <0.0001 |
| Age Group (years)b * education leveld | 113.52 | <0.0001 |
| Age Group (years)b * poverty statuse | 41.92 | <0.0001 |
| Drug Abuse/Dependenceg * alcohol abuse/dependenceg | 30.85 | <0.0001 |
Persons who reported smoking of all or part of a cigarette in the 30 days preceding the interview AND smoking ≥100 cigarettes in their lifetime.
Among persons aged ≥18 years (18–25, 26–44, 45–64, ≥65 years).
The five racial/ethnicity categories (White, Black, Hispanic, American Indian/Alaska Native, Asian, Other) are mutually exclusive; “Other” includes Native Hawaiians or Other Pacific Islanders and persons of two or more races. Persons identified as Hispanic might be of any race.
<HS, HS, some college, college graduate.
Based on reported family income and poverty thresholds published by the U.S. Census Bureau.
Any mental illness is defined by the NSDUH as a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, that met the criteria found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). For details on the methodology, see Section B.4.3 in Appendix B of the Results from the 2011 NSDUH: Mental Health Findings.
Drug and alcohol abuse and dependence criteria used in the NSDUH were defined based upon the criteria listed in the DSM-IV. Illicit substances included marijuana, hallucinogens, heroin, inhalants, tranquilizers, cocaine, pain relievers, stimulants, and sedatives.