Figure 1. Morphology of proleg tarsi of C. japonicus.

The proleg of male (A) and female (B) are sexual dimorphism, in that the prolegs of males are equipped with large suction cups (C) absented in females, and bear specialized adhesive setae on their ventral side. Each spatula seta, labeled with the rectangle, is shown at higher magnification in (D), and connects to the palette with an off-centre stalk and its ventral surface has an oval-shaped sucker. Scale bar: 1 mm for (C), and 30 µm for (D).