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. 2016 Aug 22;6:31643. doi: 10.1038/srep31643

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Copyright © 2016, The Author(s)

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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The actual incidence, plotted in blue, reflects the observed proportion of infants developing NEC in the studied population, showing seasonality in NEC incidence. Red dotted line indicates moment of introduction of routine probiotics. The predicted incidence, plotted in grey, represents the estimated incidence of NEC by the interrupted time series model, with adjustment for gender, gestational age, birth weight Z-score, mode of delivery, prenatal steroids, (interaction between probiotic introduction and feeding type), type of feeding, seasonality and non-linear time trend.