Table 3. Unadjusted associations between introduction of probiotics and each outcome.
| Outcome measures | Group 1 (n = 1288) | Group 2 (n = 673) | OR (95%CI) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Primary outcome | ||||
| NEC or death | 200 (15.5) | 96 (14.3) | 0.91 (0.69–1.18) | 0.46 |
| Secondary outcomes | ||||
| NEC | 101 (7.8) | 34 (5.1) | 0.63 (0.42–0.93) | 0.02 |
| Mortality | 148 (11.5) | 78 (11.6) | 1.01 (0.75–1.35) | 0.95 |
| Surgical NEC or death | 180 (14.0) | 84 (12.5) | 0.88 (0.67–1.16) | 0.36 |
| NEC or sepsis or death | 386 (30.0) | 190 (28.2) | 0.92 (0.75–1.13) | 0.42 |
Group 1: patients born before introduction of probiotic treatment; Group 2: patients born after introduction of probiotic treatment. Shown are numbers (%), OR (95% confidence intervals), and p-values for unadjusted logistic regression.
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; NEC, necrotising enterocolitis; OR, odds ratio. Definitions: NEC, necrotising enterocolitis ≥ stage 2; NEC and all-cause mortality, recorded in the first 120 days of life; Sepsis, defined as blood culture proven late-onset sepsis during NICU admission.