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. 2016 Aug 22;6:31606. doi: 10.1038/srep31606

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Copyright © 2016, The Author(s)

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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The upper row shows the schedule of study procedures, the lower row shows one example trial from the fMRI block design: After a fixation period and a cue, heat stimuli with three different temperatures were applied: 35.0 °C (baseline), 44.7 °C (hot, not painful), or 47.1 °C (hot, painful). Two IAPS pictures were shown during thermal stimulus plateau. Pictures either showed scenes with “positive”, “negative”, or “neutral” valence, or scrambled images. Both pictures in a given trial showed the same picture condition. After thermo-visual stimulation, participants were asked to rate heat intensity and unpleasantness on two consecutive visual analogue scales. Abbreviations: fMRI: functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging, IAPS: International Affective Picture System, QST: Quantitative Sensory Testing.