Table 1. Comparison of baseline characteristics of participants and non-participants.
| Variables | Participants (n = 9174) | Non-participants (n = 2727) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Men | 3620 (39.5) | 1192 (43.7) | <0.001 |
| Age (years) | 47.00 (39.00–56.00) | 40.00 (32.00–51.00) | <0.001 |
| Education level | |||
| High school or higher education level | 1021 (11.1) | 587 (21.6) | <0.001 |
| Smoking | 2597 (28.3) | 782 (28.7) | 0.709 |
| Drinking | 1191 (13.0) | 449 (16.5) | <0.001 |
| Physical activity | <0.001 | ||
| Low | 4876 (53.2) | 1115 (40.9) | |
| Moderate | 1989 (21.7) | 649 (23.8) | |
| High | 2309 (25.2) | 963 (35.3) | |
| Family history of hypertension | 2756 (30.0) | 846 (31.0) | 0.327 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 23.58 (21.51–25.84) | 23.08 (21.01–25.32) | <0.001 |
| WC (cm) | 80.25 (74.00–87.00) | 78.25 (72.50–86.25) | <0.001 |
| GLU (mmol/L) | 5.26 (4.94–5.62) | 5.22 (4.92–5.54) | <0.001 |
| TC (mmol/L) | 4.26 (3.73–4.89) | 4.10 (3.57–4.71) | <0.001 |
| TG (mmol/L) | 1.28 (0.91–1.82) | 1.19 (0.85–1.72) | <0.001 |
| HDL (mmol/L) | 1.14 (0.99–1.32) | 1.14 (0.98–1.32) | 0.628 |
| LDL (mmol/L) | 2.50 (2.00–2.90) | 2.30 (1.90–2.80) | <0.001 |
| BNWN* | 4519 (49.3) | 1564 (57.4) | <0.001 |
| BOWN* | 1151 (12.5) | 351 (12.9) | 0.654 |
| BNWO* | 520 (5.7) | 108 (4.0) | <0.001 |
| BOWO* | 2984 (32.5) | 704 (25.8) | <0.001 |
| General obesity | 948 (10.3) | 269 (9.9) | 0.478 |
| Central obesity | 3504 (38.2) | 812 (29.8) | <0.001 |
BMI, body mass index; WC, waist circumference; GLU, glucose; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglycerides; HDL, high density lipoprotein; LDL, low density lipoprotein.
Data are number (percentage) or median (range).
p value for comparison between participants and non-participants.
*BNWN, BOWN, BNWO, and BOWO defined using BMI (kg/m2) and WC (cm) levels. BNWN, 18.5≤BMI<24, WC<90 for men and WC<80 for women; BOWN, BMI≥24, WC<90 for men and WC<80 for women; BNWO, 18.5≤BMI<24, WC≥90 for men and WC≥80 for women; BOWO, BMI≥24, WC≥90 for men and WC≥80 for women.