Table 1. Baseline Characteristics According to Atrial Fibrillation Prevalence.
| Variable | Prevalent Atrial Fibrillation (n = 660) | No Prevalent Atrial Fibrillation (n = 3216) | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, mean (SD), y | 60.9 (9.3) | 57.0 (11.2) | <.001 |
| Female sex, No. (%) | 306 (46.4) | 1430 (44.5) | .37 |
| Black, No. (%) | 318 (48.2) | 1302 (40.5) | <.001 |
| Hispanic, No. (%) | 52 (7.9) | 443 (13.8) | <.001 |
| Current smoking, No. (%) | 86 (13.0) | 422 (13.1) | .95 |
| BMI, mean (SD)a | 32.9 (8.1) | 31.9 (7.7) | .003 |
| Hypertension, No. (%) | 579 (87.7) | 2757 (85.7) | .18 |
| Systolic BP, mean (SD), mm Hg | 128.3 (22.4) | 128.6 (22.2) | .69 |
| Diastolic BP, mean (SD), mm Hg | 69.1 (12.6) | 72.1 (12.8) | <.001 |
| ACEI or ARB use, No./total No. (%) | 471/655 (71.9) | 2177/3193 (68.2) | .06 |
| Diuretic use, No./total No. (%) | 476/655 (72.7) | 1818/3193 (56.9) | <.001 |
| Total No. of BP medications, mean (SD) | 3.1 (1.4) | 2.5 (1.5) | <.001 |
| Diabetes, No. (%) | 341 (51.7) | 1538 (47.8) | .07 |
| Heart failure, No. (%) | 183 (27.7) | 194 (6.0) | <.001 |
| Stroke, No. (%) | 98 (14.9) | 287 (8.9) | <.001 |
| Cardiovascular disease, No. (%) | 388 (58.8) | 909 (28.3) | <.001 |
| Ratio (IQR) of urinary albumin to creatinine, mg/g | 44.4 (9.3-382.2) | 53.3 (8.4-479.7) | .11 |
| Estimated glomerular filtration rate, mean (SD), mL/min/1.73 m2 | 42.2 (14.7) | 44.7 (15.1) | <.001 |
| CRP level, median (IQR), mg/L | 3.0 (1.3-7.5) | 2.5 (1.0-6.2) | <.001 |
| Serum calcium level, mean (SD), mg/dL | 9.2 (0.5) | 9.2 (0.5) | .84 |
| Serum phosphate level, mean (SD), mg/dL | 3.7 (0.7) | 3.7 (0.7) | .50 |
| Intact parathyroid hormone level, median (IQR), pg/mL | 61.5 (38.9-97.0) | 52.3 (34.0-88.0) | <.001 |
| FGF23 level, median (IQR), RU/mL | 181.2 (113.3-307.6) | 138.6 (93.9-227.4) | <.001 |
Abbreviations: ACEI, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; BMI, body mass index; BP, blood pressure; CRP, C-reactive protein; FGF23, fibroblast growth factor 23; IQR, interquartile range; RU, reference units.
SI conversion factors: To convert calcium level to millimoles per liter, multiply by 0.25; CRP level to nanomoles per liter, multiply by 9.624; parathyroid hormone level to nanograms per liter, multiply by 1.0.
a
Calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared.