Table 2.
The ACE (I/D), ACTN3 (R/X), PPARGC1A (Gly482Ser) genotype and allele frequency distributions amongst all participants.
| Groups | Powerlifters | Weightlifters | Throwers | All athletes | Control group | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Group size, n | 61 | 86 | 14 | 161 | 1202 | |
| ACE | ||||||
| Allele (%) | I | 55.7 | 52.3 | 53.6 | 53.7 | 47.2 |
| D | 44.3 | 47.7 | 46.4 | 46.3 | 52.8 | |
| P- value | compared to controls | 0.191 | 0.633 | 0.355 | 0.08 | - |
| Genotype (%) | I/I | 21 (34.4) | 23 (26.7) | 5 (35.7) | 49 (30.4) | 298 (24.8) |
| I/D | 26 (42.6) | 44 (51.2) | 5 (35.7) | 75 (46.6) | 538 (44.8) | |
| D/D | 14 (23) | 19 (22.1) | 4 (28.6) | 37 (23) | 366 (30.4) | |
| P- value | compared to controls | 0.194 | 0.628 | 0.255 | 0.102 | - |
| ACTN3 | ||||||
| Allele (%) | R | 68.8 | 61.0 | 75 | 65.2 | 62.1 |
| X | 31.2 | 39.0 | 25 | 34.8 | 37.9 | |
| P- value | compared to controls | 0.291 | 0.323 | 0.839 | 0.371 | - |
| Genotype (%) | R/R | 30 (49.2) | 30 (34.9) | 7 (50) | 67 (41.6) | 446 (37.1) |
| R/X | 24 (39.3) | 45 (52.3) | 7 (50) | 76 (47.2) | 602 (50.1) | |
| X/X | 7 (11.5) | 11 (12.8) | 0 | 18 (11.2) | 154 (12.8) | |
| P- value | compared to controls | 0.159 | 0.299 | 0.911 | 0.521 | - |
| PPARGC1A | ||||||
| Allele (%) | Gly | 71.3 | 70.3 | 75 | 71.1 | 68.0 |
| Ser | 28.7 | 29.7 | 25 | 28.9 | 32.0 | |
| P- value | compared to controls | 0.585 | 0.575 | 0.647 | 0.199 | - |
| Genotype (%) | Gly/Gly | 38 (62.3) | 41 (47.7) | 7 (50) | 86 (53.4) | 556 (46.3) |
| Gly/Ser | 11 (18) | 39 (45.3) | 7 (50) | 57 (35.4) | 522 (43.4) | |
| Ser/Ser | 12 (19.7) | 6 (7) | 0 | 18 (11.2) | 124 (10.3) | |
| P- value | compared to controls | 0.0002* | 0.444 | 0.610 | 0.149 | - |
*
Note: *P<0.05, statistically significant difference compared to control.
χ2 = 13.95, d.f. = 1, p = 0.0009 for PPARGC1A genotype frequencies in powerlifters versus weightlifters; χ2 = 7.89, d.f. = 1, p = 0.019 for PPARGC1A genotype frequencies in powerlifters versus throwers.