Table 1.
Status of commercialization of microbial cell factories
| Product | Production organism | Status | Feed stock | Companies | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chemicals | |||||
| Acetone | Clostridium acetobutylicum | Commercialized | Corn | Green Biologics | www.greenbiologics.com |
| Citric acid | Aspergillus niger | Commercialized | |||
| Succinic acid | E. coli | Commercialized | Corn sugars | BioAmber | www.bio-amber.com |
| E. coli | Commercialized | Sucrose | Myriant | www.myriant.com | |
| S. cerevisiae | Commercialized | Starch, sugars | Reverdia | www.reverdia.com | |
| B. succiniproducens | Commercialized | Glycerol, sugars | Succinity | www.succinity.com | |
| Lactic acid | Commercialized | Corn sugars + more | NatureWorks | www.natureworksllc.com | |
| Itaconic acid | Aspergillus terreus | Commercialized | Biochemistry | Qingdao Kehai | www.kehai.info/en |
| 1,3‐PDO | E. coli | Commercialized | Corn sugars | DuPont Tate & Lyle | www.duponttateandlyle.com |
| 1,3‐BDO | Demonstration | Genomatica and Versalis | www.genomatica.com | ||
| 1,4‐BDO | E. coli | Commercialized | Sugar | Genomatica and DuPont Tate & Lyle | www.genomatica.com |
| 1,5‐PDA | Commercialized | Sugar | Cathay Industrial Biotech | www.cathaybiotech.com | |
| 3‐HP | Commercialized | Metabolix | www.metabolix.com | ||
| Demonstration | Novozymes and Cargill | www.novozymes.com | |||
| Isoprene | S. cerevisiae | Preparing | Sugar, cellulose | Amyris, Braskem, Michelin | www.amyris.com |
| Preparing | DuPont, Goodyear | www.biosciences.dupont.com | |||
| Isobutene | E. coli | Demonstration | Glucose, sucrose | Global Bioenergies | www.global-bioenergies.com |
| Adipic acid | Candida sp. | Demonstration | Plant oils | Verdezyne | www.verdezyne.com |
| Sebacic acid | Candida sp. | Demonstration | Plant oils | Verdezyne | www.verdezyne.com |
| DDDA | Candida sp. | Under commercialization | Plant oils | Verdezyne | www.verdezyne.com |
| Squalene | S. cerevisiae | Commercialized | Sugarcane | Amyris | www.amyris.com |
| PHA | E. coli | Commercialized | Metabolix | www.metabolix.com | |
| Fuels | |||||
| Ethanol | S. cerevisiae, Zymomonas mobilis, Kluyveromyces marxianus | Commercialized | Sugarcane, corn sugar, lignocellulose | Many | |
| Clostridium autoethanogenum | Demonstration | Flue gas | Lanzatech | www.lanzatech.com | |
| Farnesene | S. cerevisiae | Commercialized | Amyris | www.amyris.com | |
| Butanol | Clostridium acetobutylicum | Commercialized | Corn | Green Biologics | www.greenbiologics.com |
| Isobutanol | Yeast | Commercialized | Sugars | Gevo | www.gevo.com |
1,3‐PDO, 1,3‐propanediol; 1,3‐BDO, 1,3‐butanediol; 1,4‐BDO, 1,4‐butanediol; 1,5‐PDA, 1,5‐pentanediamine; 3‐HP, 3‐hydroxypropionic acid; DDDA, dodecanedioic acid; PHA, polyhydroxyalkanoates.