Chronic and Acute Toxicity of EN-containing ORF2 fragments. VP16-tagged and Gal4-tagged EN-containing ORF2 fragments are toxic to HeLa cells. (A) Chronic and Acute toxicity assays of EN-containing ORF2 fragments in HeLa cells. Amino acid that ORF2 fragment terminates in (ENΔ) denoted below graph bars for both functional (black) and nonfunctional (gray) EN-containing ORF2 fragments. Nonfunctional EN-containing fragments have catalytically necessary amino acids mutated in the EN domain (D205A, H230A). Error bars denote standard deviation (n = 3). Statistical significance was assessed using Student's t-test (*p < 0.05). (B) Grouping of chronic toxicity. Colony counts for EN264Δ and EN269Δ are not significantly different from one another. Colony counts for EN274Δ and EN279Δ are not significantly different from one another. Colony counts for EN264Δ and EN269Δ are significantly different from colony counts for EN274Δ and EN279Δ. Statistical significance was assessed using Student's t-test (*p < 0.05). (C) Grouping of acute toxicity. Colony counts for EN239Δ, EN264Δ and EN269Δ are not significantly different from one another. Colony counts for EN274Δ, EN279Δ, EN289Δ, EN314Δ, EN330Δ, EN347Δ, and ENZ490Δ are not significantly different from one another. Colony counts for EN239Δ, EN264Δ and EN269Δ significantly different from colony counts for EN274Δ, EN279Δ, EN289Δ, EN314Δ, EN330Δ, EN347Δ, and ENZ490Δ. Statistical significance was assessed using Student's t-test (*p < 0.05).