Table 1.
Summary of various rodent studies addressing sensory dysfunction associated with pain.
| Species | Mode of exercise | Pain model | Benefit | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rat | Forced running | Skin/muscle incision | ↓ Substance P, TNF-α, IL-1β | Chen et al., 2013b, 2014 |
| Chronic muscle pain | ↓ NR1 phosphorylation | Sluka et al., 2013 | ||
| Spinal cord injury and acidic saline | ↓ Mechanical allodynia | Hutchinson et al., 2004; Sharma et al., 2010 | ||
| Sciatic nerve constriction | ↓ Heat hyperalgesia and cold allodynia | Chen et al., 2012 | ||
| Sciatic nerve crush | ↑Schwann cell proliferation | Seo et al., 2009 | ||
| Lumbar spinal nerve ligation | ↑Endogenous opioids | Stagg et al., 2011 | ||
| Sciatic nerve cut | ↓ NGF and BDNF | López-Álvarez et al., 2015 | ||
| Sciatic nerve cut | Normalized NKCC1 regulation | López-Álvarez et al., 2015 | ||
| Osteoporosis | ↓ CGRP fibers in bone | Orita et al., 2010 | ||
| Paclitaxel-induced neuropathy | ↑Epidermal axon innervation | Park et al., 2015 | ||
| Streptozotocin | ↑HSP72 | Chen et al., 2013a | ||
| Streptozotocin | ↓ TRPM8, TRPV1, and pp38 | Yoon et al., 2015 | ||
| Acute antinociception | Activated endogenous cannabinoid system | Galdino et al., 2014b | ||
| Acute antinociception | Activation of nitrous Oxide/cGMP pathway | Galdino et al., 2010a, 2015a | ||
| Rat | Swimming | Nerve constriction and inflammation | ↓ Mechanical allodynia and heat hyperalgesia | Kuphal et al., 2007; Chen et al., 2012 |
| Streptozotocin | ↓ TNF-alpha and IL-1β | Yoon et al., 2015 | ||
| CRPS type I | ↑Adenosine | Martins et al., 2013 | ||
| Rat | Resistance exercise | Acute antinociception | Activated endogenous cannabinoid system | Galdino et al., 2014a |
| Acute antinociception | Activated nitrous oxide/cGMP/KATP pathway | Galdino et al., 2015b | ||
| Mouse | Running wheel | High fat diet/pre-diabetes | ↓ Mechanical allodynia | Groover et al., 2013 |
| High fat diet/pre-diabetes | ↓ TrkA positive fibers | Groover et al., 2013 | ||
| High fat diet/pre-diabetes | ↓ NGF, ↑BDNF | Groover et al., 2013 | ||
| Nerve crush | ↑BDNF, NT3, GAP43, and SNAP1 (mRNA) | Molteni et al., 2004 | ||
| Mouse | Treadmill | Sciatic nerve crush | ↑Nerve regeneration | Bobinski et al., 2011 |
A range of species, modes of exercises, pain model, and primary outcomes are provided.