FIGURE 1.

Lamins as a nuclear scaffold. (A) The nuclear lamina (NL) interacts with modified histones. Left, histones marks associated with constitutive or facultative heterochromatin and involved in chromatin condensation. Right, histone marks associated with euchromatin and open chromatin region. (B) The nucleus is delimited by the nuclear envelope (NE) that consists in three substructures, the outer and inner nuclear membranes [outer nuclear membrane (ONM); inner nuclear menbranes (INM)], the nuclear pore and the NL. The NL is a filamentous network of A- and B-type Lamins that ensures nuclear functions and involves a number of lamina-associated proteins such as Barrier to Autointegration Factor (BAF), LAP proteins, Lamin B Receptor (LBR) or Emerin. Proteins of the LINC complex such as Nesprins and Sun proteins extend through the nucleoplasm, associate with microtubules and ensure the continuity between the nucleus and the cytoskeleton. lamina components interact with chromatin and a number of chromatin-associated factors.