Table 2.

In-hospital randomized controlled trials' study criteria and outcomes.

Study	Study years	Inclusion criteria	Exclusion criteria	Study arms	Outcomes
Dutton et al. [9]	1996–1999	(i) Arrival at hospital directly from scene (ii) Ongoing hemorrhage (iii) SBP < 90 mmHg in first hour after injury	(i) Being pregnant (ii) Central nervous system injury and altered consciousness or motor function (iii) Being >55 years (iv) History of diabetes or CAD	Conventional: received fluid to a target SBP > 100 mmHg Low: received fluid to a target SBP of 70 mmHg	(i) No difference in in-hospital mortality (7.3% in each group)
Carrick et al. [11]	7/1/2007–3/28/2013	(i) Penetrating trauma (ii) SBP ≤ 90 mmHg (iii) Emergent laparotomy or thoracotomy to control bleeding	(i) Being pregnant (ii) Blunt trauma (iii) Being <14 years or >45 years (iv) Known or suspected head injury (v) Being incarcerated (vi) Those with “opt-out” bracelet	HMAP: targeted intraoperative minimum MAP = 65 mmHg  LMAP: targeted intraoperative minimum MAP = 50 mmHg	(i) No differences in 30-day mortality (21.4% versus 26.3%) or 24-hour mortality (13% versus 20%) for LMAP and HMAP groups, respectively (ii) No differences in acute MI, stroke, renal failure, hypotension, coagulopathy, thrombocytopenia, anemia, or infection between groups (iii) Increased acute renal injury in the HMAP group (30% versus 13%)

Italicized outcomes are statistically significant, p < 0.05.

CAD: coronary artery disease; HMAP: high mean arterial pressure; ICU: intensive care unit; LMAP: low mean arterial pressure; MAP: mean arterial pressure; MI: myocardial infarction; SBP: systolic blood pressure.