Table. CSF findings of Borrelia miyamotoi meningitis cases and patients with Lyme neuroborrelioses*.
| Finding (reference) | Case (reference) |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| New Jersey, USA (4) | Netherlands (5) | Germany (this study) | Lyme neuroborreliosis(6)† | |
| Leukocytes/μL (0–5 cells/μL) | 65 | 388 | 70 | 170.5 [57.0–369] |
| Differential count | 23% PMNC, 70% lymphocytes, 6% monocytes, 1% diverse | 60% mononuclear cells | 32% PMNC, 61% lymphocytes, 7% monocytes | |
| Protein level, mg/dL (150–400 mg/dL) | >300 | 486 | 1718 | 1,232 [697–1,926] |
| Qalb, × 103 (<9) | 34.8 | 17.2 [9.7–28.4] | ||
| Quantitative IgM, × 103 | 18.1 | Elevated in 70% | ||
| Glucose, mmol/L (2.2–4.2 mmol/L) | 1.8 | 1.6 | 2.41 | |
| Glucose ratio (>0.5) | 0.45 | |||
| Lactate, mmol/L (1.2–2.1 mmol/L) | 5.58 | >3.5 in 4%‡ | ||
| Routine microscopy | Cellular CSF with high nos. of granulocytes and plasma cells | Cellular CSF with heterogeneous morphology | ||
| CXCL13, pg/mL (100 to <250 pg/mL, borderline) | 1,150; 8 d after start of therapy: 186 | >415 (7) | ||
| Spirochetes visible in CSF by | Gram staining, Giemsa staining | Darkfield microscopy | Acridinorange staining, not definable at Pappenheim cytospin | Typically negative |
*Blank cells indicate value not determined or was within reference range. CSF, cerebrospinal fluid; PMNC, polymorphonuclear leukocytes; Qalb, albumin quotient. †n = 118 patients. Values are median [interquartile range]. ‡Associated with headache.