Table 1. Origins of Shigella sonnei isolates used to track travel- and community-based transmission of multidrug-resistant Shigella sonnei among international Orthodox Jewish communities* .
| Region/community | Country | Year(s) | Details | References | No. isolates |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Europe OJCs | Belgium | 2008 | Outbreak | (22) | 3 |
| France | 1996–2014 | Multiple outbreaks | This study, (21) | 64 | |
|
|
United Kingdom |
2006–2014 |
Multiple outbreaks |
This study, (23) |
101 |
| Europe non-OJCs |
United Kingdom |
2008–2014 |
Matched (time and phage-type) non-OJC
cases |
This study |
45 |
| United States and Canada
OJCs |
United States |
1994–1995 |
Outbreak |
(24) |
3 |
| Israel† |
Israel |
2000–2014 |
Sentinel laboratory surveillance |
This study, (19) |
221 |
| Global context |
Multiple |
1943–2008 |
Used for background |
(16) |
118 |
| Total |
555 |
||||
| *OJC, Orthodox Jewish communities. †90% known OJC ethnicity. | |||||