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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Sep 22.
Published in final edited form as: Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis. 2016 Mar 1;19(2):202–208. doi: 10.1038/pcan.2016.5

Table 2.

Univariable and multivariable model examining characteristics associated with receipt vs. no receipt of a 2-year biopsy.

Univariable Multivariable
OR 95% CI P OR 95% CI P
Baseline Age
<65 Ref ----- ----- Ref ----- -----
65-69 0.99 0.87-1.13 0.898 0.94 0.82-1.08 0.365
≥70 0.84 0.72-0.97 0.022 0.80 0.68-0.94 0.007*
Race
White Ref ----- ----- Ref ----- -----
Black 0.50 0.37-0.69 <0.001 0.62 0.44-0.86 0.005*
Other 0.97 0.78-1.21 0.811 0.99 0.77-1.28 0.956
Region
North America Ref ----- ----- Ref ----- -----
Europe 1.29 1.14-1.46 <0.001 1.35 1.16-1.57 <0.001
Other 1.50 1.25-1.82 <0.001 1.55 1.24-1.94 <0.001
Center Volume
1st tertile (0-10 subjects) Ref ----- ----- Ref ----- -----
2nd tertile (11-25 subjects) 1.52 1.33-1.74 <0.001 1.49 1.30-1.70 <0.001
3rd tertile (>25 subjects) 1.53 1.34-1.75 <0.001 1.40 1.22-1.62 <0.001
BMI
<25 Ref ----- ----- Ref ----- -----
25-29.9 0.90 0.79-1.03 0.122 0.89 0.78-1.02 0.093
≥30 0.92 0.78-1.09 0.332 0.94 0.79-1.12 0.482
Missing 0.60 0.40-0.91 0.013* 0.66 0.44-1.01 0.055
PSA
1st tertile Ref ----- ----- Ref ----- -----
2nd tertile 1.17 1.02-1.34 0.024* 1.14 1.00-1.31 0.056
3rd tertile 1.08 0.95-1.24 0.245 1.07 0.93-1.23 0.321
Missing 0.42 0.16-1.09 0.073 0.46 0.18-1.23 0.123
Prostate Volume
1st tertile Ref ----- ----- Ref ----- -----
2nd tertile 1.07 0.94-1.23 0.299 1.07 0.93-1.23 0.347
3rd tertile 1.01 0.88-1.16 0.858 1.03 0.89-1.18 0.686
Missing 0.50 0.33-0.76 0.001 0.58 0.38-0.90 0.015*
DRE
Normal/enlarged Ref ----- ----- Ref ----- -----
Abnormal 1.05 0.78-1.41 0.750 1.12 0.83-1.51 0.460
Missing 0.28 0.10-0.78 0.015* 0.45 0.15-1.32 0.144
IPSS Score
0-7 (“Mild”) Ref ----- ----- Ref ----- -----
8-19 (“Moderate”) 0.89 0.79-0.99 0.040* 0.88 0.78-0.99 0.030*
20-35 (“Severe”) 0.65 0.50-0.83 0.001 0.64 0.49-0.83 0.001
Missing 0.92 0.71-1.21 0.561 0.87 0.65-1.15 0.319
# of Medications Reported
No medications Ref ----- ----- Ref ----- -----
1-5 1.19 1.05-1.34 0.006* 1.39 1.21-1.60 <0.001
6-10 1.05 0.85-1.29 0.678 1.55 1.20-2.01 0.001
>10 1.45 0.49-4.24 0.499 2.30 0.77-6.93 0.138
Diabetes Mellitus Reported
No Ref ----- ----- Ref ----- -----
Yes 0.81 0.67-0.97 0.025* 0.80 0.66-0.98 0.029*
Hypertension Reported
No Ref ----- ----- Ref ----- -----
Yes 1.00 0.89-1.12 0.975 0.96 0.84-1.09 0.521
CAD Reported
No Ref ----- ----- Ref ----- -----
Yes 0.94 0.77-1.14 0.535 0.92 0.75-1.13 0.423
Smoking Status
Never Ref ----- ----- Ref ----- -----
Former 1.00 0.89-1.13 0.961 0.97 0.86-1.10 0.635
Current 0.85 0.73-1.00 0.051 0.83 0.71-0.98 0.025*
Missing 1.21 0.14-10.36 0.863 1.66 0.18-15.55 0.656
Reported Alcohol Use
Non-drinker Ref ----- ----- Ref ----- -----
Moderate Drinker 1.30 1.14-1.48 <0.001 1.23 1.08-1.41 0.002*
Heavy 1.17 1.01-1.36 0.040* 1.05 0.90-1.23 0.515
Missing 0.78 0.41-1.49 0.452 0.74 0.38-1.47 0.417
FHx of Prostate Cancer
No Ref ----- ----- Ref ----- -----
Yes 1.15 0.97-1.36 0.114 1.20 1.00-1.42 0.044*
Missing 0.50 0.09-2.75 0.428 0.99 0.10-9.99 0.993
FHx of Breast Cancer
No Ref ----- ----- Ref ----- -----
Yes 1.04 0.87-1.23 0.698 1.04 0.87-1.24 0.693
Missing 0.12 0.01-1.37 0.088 0.11 0.01-2.04 0.139

Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index (kg/m2); CAD, coronary artery disease; CI, confidence interval; DRE, digital rectal exam; FHx, reported family history of; IPSS, International Prostate Symptom Score; OR, odds ratio.

P-value (bold)=Bonferroni corrections applied for statistically significant P-values (P=0.05/38=0.0013).

a

Nominally statistically significant P-values (P<0.05).