A–F, At day 3 of reperfusion following transient MCAO, protein levels of markers of mitochondrial fragmentation (Drp1 and pDrp1; (A–C), apoptosis (cleaved caspase-3; A, D), oxidative stress (3-NT; A, E), and autophagy (LC-3 II/I ratio; A, F) were significantly decreased in the penumbra of the ipsilateral cortex of α-Syn siRNA-treated rats compared with control siRNA-treated rats. The 3-NT blot shows only 1 representative protein band (∼45 kDa) that showed increased nitrotyrosination in the control siRNA/ischemia group that was significantly lower in the α-Syn siRNA/ischemia group. However, there are other proteins (lower and higher molecular weights) that also showed the same pattern. Values are mean ± SD (n = 4/group). *p < 0.05 compared with sham and #p < 0.05 compared with the control siRNA group by Kruskal–Wallis one-way ANOVA followed by Dunn's post-test. G–J, Decreased levels of immunostaining of pDrp1 (G), cleaved caspase-3 (H), 3-NT (I), and LC-3 (J) in the NeuN+ cells (neuronal) were observed in the penumbral cortex of the α-Syn siRNA group compared with the control siRNA group at day 7 of reperfusion following transient MCAO. Scale bar, 30 μm.