Figure 2.

Measured circulating levels of creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and the ratio of urine protein to creatinine at 72 h after ischemia–reperfusion (IR) procedure. (a) Circulating level of creatinine by 72 h after IR procedure, SC vs. IR, p < 0.0001; *vs. other groups with different symbols (†, ‡, §), p < 0.0001. (b) Circulating BUN level by 72 h after IR procedure, SC vs. IR, p < 0.0001; *vs. other groups with different symbols (†, ‡, §), p < 0.0001. (c) The urine amount at 72 h, SC vs. IR, p < 0.0001; *vs. other groups with different symbols (†, ‡, §), p < 0.0001. (d) By 72 h, the ratio of urine protein to creatinine, SC vs. IR, p < 0.001; *vs. other groups with different symbols (†, ‡, §), p < 0.001. All statistical analyses were performed by one-way ANOVA, followed by Bonferroni multiple comparison post hoc test (n=8 for each group). Symbols (*, †, ‡, §) indicate significance (at 0.05 level). Ex4: exendin-4; IR: ischemia–reperfusion; Mel: melatonin; SC: sham control