Figure 4.

Effects of doxorubicin (DOX) with/without sitagliptin (Sita) pretreatment on the expression of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) by immunohistochemical staining (200×). (a) Control group with mild light brown cytoplasmic immunostaining (b) DOX group, showing intense brown cytoplasmic immunostaining of NF-κB (c, d) Sitagliptin + DOX groups, showing a marked decrease in the cytoplasmic expression of NF-κB in a dose-dependent manner of sitagliptin and appearance of nuclear staining (arrow head) (e) Semiquantitative analysis of NF-κB immunohistochemical staining results in cardiac tissue expressed as optical densities (OD) across 10 different fields for each TmA section. Values are represented as means ± SEM. ***P < 0.001 significantly different as compared to the control. ^###P < 0.001 significantly different as compared to the DOX group (ANOVA followed by Tukey-Kramer multiple comparison as a post-hoc test). (A color version of this figure is available in the online journal.)