Table 4.

Simulation results for the missing covariate setting as in the caption for Table 2, but when the covariate distributions are different between the internal and external populations. Results multiplied by 10³ are presented, and the coverage probabilities (CP) are reported as percents.

	Int	β0 CML	SCML	Int	βX CML	SCML	Int	βZ CML	SCML	Int	βXZ CML	SCML
simple random; N = Nr = 1000
Bias	−8.61	−32.4	−1.67	4.33	−85.2	2.63	1.10	0.30	−0.69	1.38	4.41	−0.04
SE	91.9	32.2	27.6	96.8	38.4	30.7	97.9	97.9	96.8	89.3	89.5	88.0
ESE	91.8	33.5	26.2	92.5	39.2	30.1	92.5	92.5	91.0	85.9	85.2	85.6
MSE	8.51	2.09	0.76	9.39	8.72	0.95	9.58	9.58	9.36	7,97	8.03	7.74
CP	95.3	90.6	92.0	93.5	42.3	93.0	93.2	93.3	93.4	93.5	93.6	93.9
case-control; N = Nr = 1000
Bias	-	−27.0	−1.13	0.76	−89.0	0.58	2.74	4.15	1.94	4.03	−1.90	2.30
SE	-	23.6	23.1	71.4	27.1	26.8	74.1	74.1	73.6	73.7	73.5	72.7
ESE	-	23.2	23.1	73.3	27.9	27.4	73.3	72.7	72.5	71.6	69.8	71.2
MSE	-	1.29	0.53	5.09	8.65	0.72	5.50	5.51	5.42	5.45	5.40	5.29
CP	-	82.0	94.2	95.0	7.9	93.7	94.3	94.0	94.1	93.6	93.5	94.3

Int: internal-data only method

CML: constrained maximum likelihood method

SCML: synthetic constrained maximum likelihood method

ESE: estimated standard error

MSE: mean squared error

CP: coverage probability of a 95% confidence interval