Table 1. Characteristics of the study population.
| Men | Women | |
|---|---|---|
| Birth variables | ||
| Birth weight, g | 3591 (542) | 3455 (494) |
| <2500 g, n | 52 (3%) | 71 (3%) |
| 2500–3999 g, n | 1359 (76%) | 1924 (84%) |
| ≥4000 g, n | 388 (22%) | 284 (13%) |
| Birth weight-Gestational age, n | ||
| ≤10% | 189 (11%) | 268 (12%) |
| 11–90% | 1417 (79%) | 1774 (78%) |
| >90% | 193 (11%) | 237 (10%) |
| Birth length,cm | 50.9 (2.1) | 50.0 (2.0) |
| Gestational age, weeks | 40.1 (1.9) | 40.1 (1.9) |
| Ponderal index, kg/m3 | 27.2 (2.5) | 27.6 (2.5) |
| Multiple birth, n | 43 (2%) | 41 (2%) |
| Gestational weight gain, kg* | 10.4 (4.6) | 10.1 (4.5) |
| Life style at 46 years** | ||
| Current smoker, n | 310 (19%) | 313 (14%) |
| Alcohol consumption ≥40/20 g/d (♂/♀), n | 144 (9%) | 161 (7%) |
| Insufficient sleep, n | 499 (30%) | 687 (32%) |
| Sitting time ≥ 11h/d, n | 260 (16%) | 194 (9%) |
| Physical activity, n | ||
| Active | 271 (16%) | 372 (17%) |
| Semi-active | 919 (56%) | 1298 (60%) |
| Inactive | 452 (28%) | 486 (23%) |
| Laboratory measurements at 46 years | ||
| SBP, mmHg | 128 (14) | 117 (15) |
| DBP, mmHg | 85 (10) | 81 (10) |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 26.7 (3.8) | 25.7 (4.6) |
| Waist-hip-ratio | 0.97 (0.06) | 0.86 (0.06) |
| HbA1c, % | 5.47 (0.34) | 5.39 (0.35) |
| Plasma glucose, mmol/L | 5.59 (0.47) | 5.26 (0.46) |
| Total cholesterol, mmol/L | 5.58 (0.97) | 5.16 (0.85) |
| LDL cholesterol, mmol/L | 3.77 (0.93) | 3.20 (0.85) |
| HDL cholesterol, mmol/L | 1.42 (0.34) | 1.70 (0.40) |
| Triglycerides, mmol/L | 1.41 (0.89) | 1.01 (0.49) |
| Cardiac autonomic function at 46 years | ||
| Heart rateSit, bpm | 70 (63–78) | 71 (65–78) |
| Heart rateStand, bpm | 80 (72–90) | 82 (75–91) |
| rMSSDSit, ms | 20.6 (13.7–30.6) | 24.4 (16.5–35.7) |
| rMSSDStand, ms | 13.2 (8.6–18.9) | 12.8 (8.6–19.3) |
| rMSSD/RRi3Sit | 31.8 (24.7–42.2) | 39.8 (30.2–52.1) |
| rMSSD/RRi3Stand | 30.2 (23.4–40.1) | 32.4 (24.7–43.2) |
| LF/HFSit | 2.31 (1.26–4.03) | 1.23 (0.70–2.27) |
| LF/HFStand | 4.53 (2.49–7.63) | 2.66 (1.52–4.85) |
| BRSSit, ms/mmHg*** | 6.82 (4.94–9.60) | 6.46 (4.63–8.65) |
| BRSStand, ms/mmHg*** | 4.91 (3.29–6.87) | 4.33 (3.16–5.96) |
Values are mean (SD), median (1st-3rd quartile) or n (%). SBP systolic, DBP diastolic blood pressure, BMI body mass index, HbA1c glycated hemoglobin, LDL low-density lipoprotein, HDL high-density lipoprotein, rMSSD root mean square of the successive differences in R-R intervals, RRi R-R interval, BRS baroreflex sensitivity, LF low frequency power of RRi oscillations (0.04–0.15 Hz), HF high frequency power of RRi oscillations (0.15–0.4 Hz). n = 1,744–1,799 for men and n = 2,196–2,279 for women unless noted otherwise.
*n = 395/508
**n = 1,642–1,672/2,156–2,182, and
***n = 902/1,020 for men/women.