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. 2016 Jul 29;2(2):e37. doi: 10.2196/publichealth.5184

Table 6.

Adjusted associationsa between mode of questionnaire completion (exposure) and 8 selected questions (outcomes; see Multimedia Appendix 2 on the Internet for full regression results).

Question type and question Mode Sociodemographic adjustedb Sociodemographicb and propensity score adjusted



Odds ratio or
β coefficient
95% CI Odds ratio or
β coefficient
95% CI
Objective 1: social desirability

Sensitive: More than 1 sexual partner in the last 12 months (n=1424)


Telephone 1.00 1.00


Web 3.76d (1.86-7.59) 3.65d (1.80-7.42)

Stigma-related: afraid of people living with HIV or AIDS (n=2008)c


Telephone 0.00 0.00


Web 0.000 (−0.23-0.23) 0.019 (−0.21-0.25)

Stigma-related: comfort with shopping at small grocery store owned by someone who has HIV or AIDS (n=1934)c


Telephone 0.00 0.00


Web 0.087 (−0.34-0.21) 0.069 (−0.05-0.19)

Less-sensitive: Charitable giving in the past year (n=1996)


Telephone 1.00 1.00


Web 1.61d (1.15-2.27) 1.63d (1.15-2.29)

Less-sensitive: perceived HIV knowledge (n=2022)c


Telephone 0.00 0.00


Web −0.049 (−0.22-0.12) −0.057 (−0.23-0.11)
Objective 2: Item Non-Response

Sensitive: tested for HIV or AIDS (n=2027)


Telephone 1.00 1.00


Web 8.68d (2.63-28.67) 8.04d (2.46-26.31)

Stigma-related: comfort with shopping at small grocery store owned by someone who has HIV or AIDS (n=2027)


Telephone 0.00 0.00


Web 2.99d (1.41-6.32) 3.11d (1.47-6.63)

Less-sensitive: illness or disease that concerns you the most (n=2027)


Telephone 1.00 1.00


Web 3.01d (1.68-5.38) 3.02d (1.67-5.47)

aSeparate logistic regression analyses were run for all questions except for continuous outcomes.

bAdjusted for age, gender, education, household income, sexual minority status, and region.

cLinear regression analysis.

dIndicates statistical significance at the 95% confidence level.