Table 6. Relative risks (RR) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the associations between recurrent TBI compared to single-episode TBI, across injury severity, before age 25 y and poor functioning in adulthood.
| Model I | Model II | Model III | |
|---|---|---|---|
| RR [95% CI] | RR [95% CI] | RR [95% CI] | |
| Any TBI | |||
| Disability pension | 2.58 [2.41; 2.76] | 2.16 [2.02; 2.31] | 2.22 [1.88; 2.63] |
| Psychiatric visit | 1.52 [1.46; 1.59] | 1.36 [1.30; 1.42] | 1.24 [1.12; 1.38] |
| Psychiatric hospitalisation | 1.84 [1.73; 1.95] | 1.59 [1.49; 1.69] | 1.53 [1.31; 1.79] |
| Premature mortality | 2.11 [1.78; 2.49] | 1.83 [1.55; 2.17] | 1.59 [1.02; 2.49] |
| Low education | 1.55 [1.48; 1.63] | 1.44 [1.37; 1.51] | 1.28 [1.15; 1.43] |
| Welfare recipiency | 1.49 [1.42; 1.56] | 1.24 [1.19; 1.30] | 1.13 [1.02; 1.25] |
| Mild TBI | |||
| Disability pension | 1.69 [1.54; 1.85] | 1.43 [1.30; 1.57] | 1.45 [1.17; 1.80] |
| Psychiatric visit | 1.44 [1.37; 1.53] | 1.30 [1.23; 1.38] | 1.20 [1.06; 1.37] |
| Psychiatric hospitalisation | 1.79 [1.66; 1.93] | 1.57 [1.45; 1.69] | 1.55 [1.28; 1.89] |
| Premature mortality | 1.59 [1.26; 2.01] | 1.40 [1.11; 1.77] | 1.65 [0.90; 3.02] |
| Low education | 1.44 [1.35; 1.54] | 1.33 [1.24; 1.42] | 1.13 [0.98; 1.30] |
| Welfare recipiency | 1.50 [1.41; 1.59] | 1.28 [1.21; 1.36] | 1.12 [0.98; 1.27] |
| Moderate to severe TBI | |||
| Disability pension | 5.84 [5.17; 6.60] | 5.10 [4.51; 5.76] | 6.13 [4.18; 8.99] |
| Psychiatric visit | 1.53 [1.38; 1.69] | 1.38 [1.25; 1.53] | 1.31 [1.02; 1.68] |
| Psychiatric hospitalisation | 1.42 [1.22; 1.66] | 1.24 [1.07; 1.45] | 1.14 [0.78; 1.66] |
| Premature mortality | 2.26 [1.61; 3.18] | 1.96 [1.39; 2.76] | 1.72 [0.60; 4.90] |
| Low education | 1.48 [1.33; 1.64] | 1.40 [1.25; 1.56] | 1.21 [0.95; 1.54] |
| Welfare recipiency | 1.26 [1.13; 1.41] | 1.05 [0.94; 1.18] | 1.01 [0.80; 1.26] |
Notes: Model I: Full sample, adjusted for sex, birth order, and birth year. Model II: Additional adjustments for individual and parental highest achieved education levels, parental income, parental lifetime criminal and psychiatric histories, and maternal single status. Model III: Within-family estimates that are additionally adjusted for individual educational attainment at age 26 y.