Table 1. Participant characteristics.
| Author | Subject, n | Male sex, % | Age, yr | BMI | Medication, n |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baldi et al. (2003) [20]a | C, 9 PRT, 9 |
100 | C, 50.1±3.9 PRT, 46.5±6.3 |
C, 36.4±9.3 PRT, 34.3±9.6 |
Biguanides, 11 Sulfonylureas, 7 |
| Boudou et al. (2003) [21] | C, 8 AEx, 8 |
100 | C, 47.9±8.4 AEx, 42.9±5.2 |
C, 30.9±5.2 AEx, 28.3±3.9 |
C: Metformin, 4 Metformin and gliclazide or glibenclamide, 1 AEx: Metformin, 2 Metformin and gliclazide or glibenclamide, 4 |
| Cuff et al. (2003) [19]a | C, 9 AEx, 9 AEx+PRT, 10 |
0 | C, 60.0±8.7 AEx, 59.4±5.7 AEx+PRT, 63.4±7.0 |
C, 36.7±6.0 AEx, 32.5±4.2 AEx+PRT, 33.3±4.7 |
Oral hypoglycaemics |
| Dunstan et al. (1997) [17] | C, 12 AEx, 11 F, 12 AEx+F, 14 |
C, 75 AEx, 72.7 F, 83.3 AEx+F, 71.4 |
C, 53.0±7.0 AEx, 52.3±8.3 F, 54.1±8.2 AEx+F, 52.6±7.2 |
C, 29.7±4.3 AEx, 29.1±2.4 F, 29.8±4.4 AEx+F, 29.9±3.0 |
Antidiabetic and antihyperten- sive medication |
| Dunstan et al. (1998) [22]a | C, 10 PRT, 11 |
C, 50 PRT, 72.7 |
C, 51.1±7.0 PRT, 50.3±6.6 |
C, 30.1±3.5 PRT, 28.3±2.7 |
Sulfonylureas, 4 Biguanides, 5 Sulfonylureas+biguanides, 10 |
| Karstoft et al. (2013) [24]a | C, 8 AEx, Continuous, 12 Intermittent, 12 |
C, 62.5 AEx, Continuous, 66.7 Intermittent, 58.3 |
C, 57.1±8.5 AEx, Continuous, 60.8±7.6 Intermittent, 57.5±8.3 |
C, 29.7±5.4 AEx, Continuous, 29.9±5.5 Intermittent, 29.0±4.5 |
Antidiabetic and antihypertensive medication (abstained for 5 days prior to pre-/post-testing) |
| Ligtenberg et al. (1997) [28] | C, 28 AEx, 30 |
C, 35.7 AEx, 33.3 |
C, 61.0±5.0 AEx, 63.0±5.0 |
C, 31.2±3.3 AEx, 30.8±4.0 |
Oral hypoglycaemics and insulin |
| Middlebrooke et al. (2006) [29] |
C, 30 AEx, 22 |
At initial recruitment overall, 54.2 | C, 64.6±6.8 AEx, 61.8±7.7 |
C, 29.9±5.4 AEx, 31.8±4.5 |
Oral hypoglycaemics |
| Mourier et al. (1997) [30]a | C, 11 AEx, 10 |
At initial recruitment overall, 83.3 | C, 46.0±10.0 AEx, 45.0±6.3 |
C, 30.1±5.3 AEx, 30.4±2.5 |
Metformin, 14; Sulfonylurea, 3 |
| Okada et al. (2010) [23] | C, 17 AEx+PRT, 21 |
C, 64.7 AEx, 47.6 |
C, 64.5±5.9 AEx, 61.9±8.6 |
C, 24.5±2.9 AEx, 25.7±3.2 |
Study reported both groups received comparable medical intervention after registration for 3 months |
| Ronnemaa et al. (1986) [31] | C, 12 AEx, 13 |
At recruitment, 66.7 | At recruitment overall, 52.5 (NR) | NR | Sulfonylureas, 18 Metformin+sulfonylureas, 10 |
| Tamura et al. (2005) [18]a | D, 7 AEx+D, 7 |
D, 57.1 AEx+D, 42.8 |
D, 55.0±12.7 AEx+D, 46.3±7.4 |
D, 27.4±8.5 AEx+D, 27.1±7.7 |
D: Sulfonylureas, 3 Metformin+sulfonylureas, 2 α-Glucosidase inhibitor, 2 D+AEx: Sulfonylureas, 3 Metformin+sulfonylureas, 3 α-Glucosidase inhibitor, 1 |
| Tan et al. (2012) [25] | C, 10 AEx+PRT, 15 |
At recruitment: C, 45.5 AEx+PRT, 44.4 |
C, 64.8±6.8 AEx+PRT, 65.9±4.2 |
C, 25.8±2.5 AEx+PRT, 25.2±2.5 |
Oral hypoglycaemics |
| Tessier et al. (2000) [26] | C, 20 AEx+PRT, 19 |
C, 55.0 AEx+PRT, 63.2 |
C, 69.5±5.1 AEx+PRT, 69.3±4.2 |
C, 29.4±3.7 AEx+PRT, 30.7±5.4 |
Glyburide: C, 12 AEx+PRT, 10 Metformin: C, 15 AEx, 14 |
| Wing et al. (1988) [32] | Include study 1: P+D, 12 AEx+D, 10 |
At recruitment: Study 1, 16.0 |
Study 1: P+D, 52.5±8.9 AEx+D, 56.2±7.5 |
Study 1: D+P, 37.2±1.8 AEx+D, 39.5±1.9 |
Study 1: P+D, oral hypogylcaemics, 6 AEx+D, oral hypoglycaemics, 6 |
| Winnick et al. (2008) [27] | D, 9 AEx+D, 9 |
D, 33.3 AEx+D, 22.2 |
D, 50.9±3.2 AEx+D, 48.4±8.4 |
D, 32.0±5.3 AEx+D, 34.9±3.1 |
At the outset of the study, all participants discontinued diabetic related medication |
Values are presented as mean±standard deviation.
BMI, body mass index; C, control; PRT, progressive resistance training; AEx, aerobic exercise training; F, fish meal; NR, not reported; D, diet; P, placebo.
aConverted from standard error of mean to standard deviation.