Table 3. Outcomes of intervention studies for change in insulin sensitivity.
| Author | Mode, n | Measure | Time post-intervention, hr | Pre, mean±SD | Post, mean±SD | Change score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baldi et al. (2003) [20]a | C, 9 PRT, 9 |
OGTT | 36–48 | 2-Hour glucose (mmol/L): C, 16.3±2.7 PRT, 17.0±3.0 |
2-Hour glucose (mmol/L): C, 17.1±2.4 PRT, 16.3±2.1 |
NR |
| Boudou et al. (2003) [21] | C, 8 AEx, 8 |
ITT | 72–120 | Constant rate of glucose disappearance (%/min): C, 1.95±1.00 AEx, 2.15±0.65 |
Constant rate of glucose disappearance (%/min): C, 1.80±0.90 AEx, 3.25±0.85 |
NR |
| Cuff et al. (2003) [19]a | C, 9 AEx, 9 AEx+PRT, 10 |
Clamp | 48–72 | Glucose infusion rate (mg · kg–1 · min–1): C, 2.29±1.38 AEx, 2.78±1.47 AEx+PRT, 2.36±1.04 |
Glucose infusion rate (mg · kg–1 · min–1): C, NR AEx, NR AEx+PRT, NR |
Glucose infusion rate (mg · kg–1 · min–1): C, 0.07±0.84 AEx, 0.55±1.08 AEx+PRT, 1.82±1.64 |
| Dunstan et al. (1997) [17]b | C, 12 AEx, 11 F, 12 AEx+F, 14 |
OGTT | >48 | AUC glucose (mmol/L–1·120 min–1): C, 1,810±340 AEx, 1,916±480 F, 1,787±465 AEx+F, 2,004±500 |
NR | AUC glucose (mmol/L–1·120 min–1): C, 50±48.5 AEx, –112.5±65.0 F, 87.5±87.5 F+AEx, –87.5±75.0 |
| Dunstan et al. (1998) [22]a | C, 10 PRT, 11 |
OGTT | >48 | NR | NR | AUC glucose (mmol/L–1 · 120 min–1): C, 191±265 PRT, –22±205 |
| Karstoft et al. (2013) [24]a | C, 8 AEx: Continuous, 12 Intermittent, 12 |
OGTT | ≈96 | 2-Hour glucose (mmol/L): C, 14.7±3.96 AEx: Continuous, 14.8±3.46 Intermittent, 16.5±3.12 |
2-Hour glucose (mmol/L): C, 15.7±3.96 AEx: Continuous, 15.0±4.85 Intermittent, 15.4±4.50 |
NR |
| Ligtenberg et al. (1997) [28] | C, 28 AEx, 30 |
ITT | <72 | Glucose decline between 4–14 minutes (%·min-1): C, 1.5±1 AEx, 1.8±1.3 |
Glucose decline between 4–14 minutes (%·min-1): C, 1.8±1.1 AEx, 1.8±1.2 |
NR |
| Middlebrooke et al. (2006) [29] | C, 30 AEx, 22 |
ITT | ≥24 | ITT slope (mmol/L–1 · min–1): C, –0.17±0.06 AEx, –0.16±0.10 |
ITT slope (mmol/L–1 · min–1): C, –0.17±0.06 AEx, –0.17±0.07 |
NR |
| Mourier et al. (1997) [30]a | C, 11 AEx, 10 |
ITT | 72–120 | Constant rate of glucose disappearance (%·min-1): C, 1.86±0.96 AEx, 2.28±0.73 |
Constant rate of glucose disappearance (%·min-1): C, 1.81±0.90 AEx, 3.34±0.95 |
NR |
| Okada et al. (2010) [23] | C, 17 AEx+PRT, 21 |
SSPG | NR | SSPG (mmol/L): C, 14.1±3.4 AEx+PRT, 11.1±5.3 |
SSPG (mmol/L): C, 9.7±4.6 AEx+PRT: 9.7±4.2 |
NR |
| Ronnemaa et al. (1986) [31] | C, 12 AEx, 13 |
OGTT | NR | 2-Hour glucose (mmol/L): C, 19.6±4.1 AEx, 19.7±4.9 |
2-Hour glucose (mmol/L): C, 19.7±2.7 AEx, 16.5±7.6 |
NR |
| Tamura et al. (2005) [18]a | D, 7 AEx+D, 7 |
Clamp | >24 | Steady-state glucose infusion rate (mg/kg/min): D, 6.12±2.46 AEx+D, 5.26±0.87 |
Steady-state glucose infusion rate (mg/kg/min): C, 6.49±0.87 AEx+D, 8.22±1.24 |
NR |
| Tan et al. (2012) [25] | C, 10 AEx+PRT, 15 |
OGTT | 72 | 2-Hour glucose (mmol/L): C, 11.11±5.26 AEx+PRT, 13.9±5.8 |
2-Hour glucose (mmol/L): C, 10.58±4.41 AEx+PRT, 9.83±4.33 |
NR |
| Tessier et al. (2000) [26] | C, 20 AEx+PRT, 19 |
OGTT | NR | AUC glucose (mmol/L): C, 16.1±2.9 AEx+PRT, 16.6±3.8 |
AUC glucose (mmol/L): C, 15.9±3.0 AEx+PRT, 15.3±3.1 |
NR |
| Wing et al. (1988) [32] | P+D, 12 AEx+D, 10 |
OGTT | 72 | Plasma glucose: 60 minutes (mmol/L): P+D, 14.6±0.9 AEx+D, 14.3±1.2 |
Plasma glucose: 60 minutes (mmol/L): P+D, 11.3±1.2 AEx+D, 10.9±1.3 |
NR |
| Winnick et al. (2008) [27] | D, 9 AEx+D, 9 |
Clamp | <24 | Glucose levels (mg/dL): D: 137.0±3.0 (low-dose); 135.0±3.0 (high-dose) AEx+D: 131.0±3.0 (low-dose); 123.0±3.0 (high-dose) |
Glucose levels (mg/dL): D: 131.0±3.0 (low-dose); 119.0±3.0 (high-dose) AEx+D: 129.0±3.0 (low-dose); 124.0±3.0 (high-dose) |
NR |
SD, standard deviation; C, control; PRT, progressive resistance training; OGTT, oral glucose tolerance test; NR, not reported; AEx, aerobic training; ITT, insulin tolerance test; F, fish meal; AUC, area under the curve; SSPG, steady state plasma glucose; D, diet; P, placebo.
aConverted from standard error of mean to standard deviation, bData has been extrapolated from a graph.