Table 3. Multivariatea Cox proportional hazards analysis model of HOMA values for developing type 2 diabetes mellitus.
| Variable | NGT group | Pre-diabetes group | All participants (non-diabetic group) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI)b | P value | HR (95% CI)b | P value | HR (95% CI)b | P value | |
| HOMA1-IR | 1.09 (1.04–1.14) | <0.001 | 1.23 (1.19–1.28) | <0.001 | 1.14 (1.12–1.15) | <0.001 |
| 1/HOMA1-β | 1.07 (0.97–1.17) | 0.177 | 1.14 (1.12–1.16) | <0.001 | 1.13 (1.11–1.14) | <0.001 |
| HOMA2-IR | 1.11 (1.04–1.19) | 0.001 | 1.13 (1.08–1.18) | <0.001 | 1.12 (1.09–1.15) | <0.001 |
| 1/HOMA2-β | 1.05 (0.93–1.20) | 0.428 | 1.29 (1.26–1.31) | <0.001 | 1.27 (1.25–1.29) | <0.001 |
HOMA, homeostasis model assessment; NGT, normal glucose tolerance; HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; HOMA1, original HOMA; IR, insulin resistance; HOMA2, updated HOMA model.
aAll estimates reflect adjustment for age, sex, body mass index, family history of diabetes, history of smoking, systolic blood pressure, glycosylated hemoglobin, triglyceride, and high density lipoprotein cholesterol, bWhen increased by the standard deviation from the mean value of each HOMA value. Reference is the mean value of each HOMA model.