Table 3.
Fit Indices for Models of Concurrent and Longitudinal Analyses.
| Model | χ2 | df | CFI | NFI | RMSEA | 90% CI | Predictors of reading measures | Predictors of RAN measures | R2 | Δχ2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CONCURRENT | ||||||||||
| M11: RANnal-WR (dir) | 16.54 | 12 | 0.99 | 0.96 | 0.04 | 0.00–0.07 | RAN, OP, PA | ATT, WM, SOP | 0.340 | |
| M12: RANnal-WR (indir) | 22.61* | 13 | 0.98 | 0.95 | 0.05 | 0.00–0.08 | SOP, OP, PA | ATT, WM, SOP | 0.323 | 6.07* |
| M21: RANal-WR (dir) | 13.76 | 12 | 0.99 | 0.97 | 0.02 | 0.00–0.07 | RAN, OP, PA | ATT, WM, SOP | 0.414 | |
| M22: RANal-WR (indir) | 52.01*** | 13 | 0.91 | 0.89 | 0.10 | 0.07–0.13 | SOP, OP, PA | ATT, WM, SOP | 0.324 | 38.25*** |
| M31: RANnal-SWR (dir) | 12.58 | 12 | 0.99 | 0.97 | 0.01 | 0.00–0.06 | OP, PA | ATT, WM, SOP | 0.185 | |
| M32: RANnal-SWR (indir) | 14.86 | 13 | 0.99 | 0.96 | 0.02 | 0.00–0.06 | OP, PA | ATT, WM, SOP | 0.178 | 2.28 |
| M41: RANal-SWR (dir) | 11.19 | 12 | 0.99 | 0.97 | 0.00 | 0.00–0.06 | OP, PA | ATT, WM, SOP | 0.179 | |
| M42: RANal-SWR (indir) | 11.63 | 13 | 0.99 | 0.97 | 0.00 | 0.00–0.05 | OP, PA | ATT, WM, SOP | 0.178 | 0.44 |
| LONGITUDINALa | ||||||||||
| M51: RANnal-WR (dir) | 5.13 | 5 | 0.99 | 0.99 | 0.01 | 0.00–0.08 | RAN, OP, PA | ATT, WM, SOP | 0.273 | |
| M52: RANnal-WR (indir) | 14.18* | 6 | 0.98 | 0.97 | 0.07 | 0.02–0.12 | OP, PA | ATT, WM, SOP | 0.249 | 9.05** |
| M61: RANal-WR (dir) | 12.54 | 7 | 0.98 | 0.97 | 0.05 | 0.00–0.10 | RAN, OP | WM, SOP | 0.333 | |
| M62: RANal-WR (indir) | 54.61*** | 8 | 0.88 | 0.87 | 0.14 | 0.10–0.18 | SOP, OP | WM, SOP | 0.219 | 42.07*** |
| M71: RANnal-SWR (dir) | 6.80 | 6 | 0.99 | 0.98 | 0.02 | 0.00–0.08 | SOP, OP, PA | ATT, WM, SOP | 0.138 | |
| M72: RANnal-SWR (indir) | 7.42 | 7 | 0.99 | 0.98 | 0.02 | 0.00–0.07 | SOP, OP, PA | ATT, WM, SOP | 0.135 | 0.62 |
| M81: RANal-SWR (dir) | 11.87 | 7 | 0.98 | 0.97 | 0.05 | 0.00–0.10 | SOP, OP, PA | WM, SOP | 0.136 | |
| M82: RANal-SWR (indir) | 11.87 | 8 | 0.99 | 0.97 | 0.04 | 0.00–0.09 | SOP, OP, PA | WM, SOP | 0.136 | 0.01 |
N = 286; M, Model; Concurrent, Grade 1 RAN and cognitive scores predict Grade 1 reading scores; Longitudinal, Grade 1 RAN and cognitive scores predict Grade 2 reading scores; Mean age Wave 1, 5.8 (SD = 0.31); Wave 2 Mean age, 6.6 (SD = 0.31); Chi-square difference tests are comparisons to the (X)1-model; CFI, Comparative Fit Index; NFI, Normed Fit Index; RMSEA, Root-Mean-Square Error of Approximation; CI, Confidence Interval; parameters, parameters predicting dependent variable; WR, Word Reading; SWR, Silent Word Reading; PA, Phonological Awareness; OP, Orthographic Processing; SOP, Speed of Processing; dir, model with RAN direct effect on the dependent variable; indir, model without RAN direct effect on the dependent variable;
Differences in dfs in the longitudinal analysis result from Wald test evaluations;
p < 0.05;
p < 0.01;
p < 0.001.