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. 2016 Aug 24;6:87. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2016.00087

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Copyright © 2016 Ugalde-Silva, Gonzalez-Lugo and Navarro-Garcia.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Different mechanisms for tight junction (TJs) opening by EPEC and EHEC effector proteins. Disassembly of TJs by the main LEE and non-LEE effectors injected by the EHEC and EPEC T3SS into the epithelial cells. The main mechanisms for TJ disassembly include actin rearrangement, occludin de-phosphorylation, microtubule network disruption; COPII mediated trafficking inhibition, vesicle traffic disruption, and inhibition of the TJ proteins renewal. Besides the shared effectors (EspF, EspG, Map, NleA) by EHEC and EPEC, EHEC infection (left side) also includes EspFu and EspM1/2.