Table 1. Field note application of Spradley’s nine domains^a.

Space	Locations where observations were recorded. For example, in the art room or cafeteria of the clubhouse.
Actors	Staff observed and number of members. For example, staff X and staff Y worked with a group of ten members.
Activity	Events that the actors (staff and members) engaged in. For example, a lunch-time cooking group.
Object	Physical artefacts present during an activity. For example, food ingredients, stove and other kitchen utensils.
Act	Individual behaviours that actors engaged in during an activity. For example, how a staff member used a whiteboard to facilitate task allocation during a cooking group.
Event	Summary title for groups of activities. For example, a fundraising day.
Time	Times when periods of observation took place.
Goal	The apparent intention of actors during activities. For example, staff sought to involve members in food preparation as much as possible.
Feeling	Emotions conveyed by actors during activities. For example, staff appeared happy when several members volunteered to contribute to the fundraising day activity.

^aFrom Spradley.²⁵