Table 1. Demographic and clinical characteristics of the TD and RAD groups.
| Statistics (ANCOVA) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TD group n=20 | RAD group n=16 | F | χ2 | d.f. | P | |
| Age, years: mean (s.d.) | 12.7 (1.8) | 12.6 (2.0) | 0.047a | 1, 33 | 0.83 | |
| WISC-IV FSIQ, mean (s.d.) | 103.5 (9.5) | 94.5 (10.4) | 7.30a | 1, 33 | <0.05 | |
| Verbal Comprehension Index | 106.3 (11.2) | 97.6 (12.9) | 4.58a | 1, 33 | <0.05 | |
| Perceptual Reasoning Index | 98.9 (13.8) | 93.8 (11.0) | 1.41a | 1, 33 | 0.24 | |
| Working Memory Index | 102.7 (13.3) | 94.0 (12.7) | 3.83a | 1, 33 | 0.06 | |
| Processing Speed Index | 102.4 (9.6) | 95.4 (9.8) | 5.47a | 1, 33 | <0.05 | |
| SDQ total difficulties score, mean (s.d.) | 7.2 (3.8) | 16.1 (6.0) | 23.5b | 1, 32 | <0.001 | |
| CBCL total, mean (s.d.) | 50.2 (7.8) | 61.3 (10.3) | 11.13b | 1, 32 | <0.01 | |
| ADHD-RS total score, mean (s.d.) | 1.6 (1.9) | 8.3 (8.2) | 8.94b | 1, 32 | <0.01 | |
| AQ total score, mean (s.d.) | 10.8 (3.1) | 18.3 (8.4) | 7.95b | 1, 32 | <0.01 | |
| DSRSC, mean (s.d.) | 6.5 (3.3) | 14.6 (7.7) | 17.88b | 1, 32 | <0.001 | |
| IWMS-secure, mean (s.d.) | 22.9 (6.6) | 17.1 (5.1) | 6.24b | 1, 32 | <0.05 | |
| IWMS-avoidant, mean (s.d.) | 13.6 (4.2) | 15.6 (4.3) | 9.75b | 1, 32 | <0.01 | |
| IWMS-ambivalent, mean (s.d.) | 14.8 (4.8) | 19.0 (6.8) | 9.14b | 1, 32 | <0.01 | |
| CATS, mean (s.d.) | 15.9 (6.4) | 41.6 (27.2) | 19.15b | 1, 31 | <0.001 | |
| IES-R, mean (s.d.) | 2.0 (4.6) | 23.1 (18.4) | 36.38b | 1, 32 | <0.001 | |
| Male participants, n (%) | 10 (50) | 8 (50) | 1.00 | 1 | 1.00 | |
| Right handedness, n (%) | 20 (100) | 16 (100) | 1.00 | 1 | 1.00 | |
| Types of maltreatment, n (%) | ||||||
| Physical abuse | – | 7 (44) | ||||
| Emotional abuse | – | 10 (63) | ||||
| Neglect | – | 11 (69) | ||||
| Sexual abuse | – | 1 (6) | ||||
| Number of types of maltreatment, mean (s.d.) | – | 1.8 (0.8) | ||||
| Duration (years) of maltreatment, mean (s.d.) | – | 8.0 (4.5) | ||||
TD, typically developing; RAD, reactive attachment disorder; WISC-IV, Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Fourth Edition; FSIQ, full scale intelligence quotient; SDQ, Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire; CBCL, Child Behaviour Checklist; ADHD-RS, ADHD Rating Scale-IV; AQ, autism spectrum quotient; DSRSC, Depression Self-Rating Scale for Children; IWMS, Internal Working Models Scale; CATS, Child Abuse and Trauma Scale; IES-R: Impact of Event Scale-Revised.
a
Adjusted for gender.
b
Adjusted for gender and FSIQ.