Table 2.
Logistic regression results of determinants of poor self-rated health among adults, Health Barometer, Maputo Metropolitan Area, Mozambique, 2015 (Odds Ratio)
| Variable | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | Model 5 | Model 6 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic and Socioeconomic Factors | ||||||
| Age | ||||||
| 60 or more (reference) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||
| 40-49 | 0.41** | 0.45** | 0.41** | 0.45** | ||
| 50-59 | 0.53* | 0.57* | 0.56* | 0.59* | ||
| Sex | ||||||
| Male (reference) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Woman | 3.14** | 3.31** | 3.23** | 3.43** | ||
| Marital Status | ||||||
| Married or in union (reference) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Single | 3.56* | 3.80* | 4.27* | 4.71 | ||
| Separated or divorced | 2.00* | 2.02* | 2.06* | 2.08* | ||
| Widow | 1.84* | 1.80* | 1.86* | 1.81* | ||
| Education | ||||||
| Secondary or more (reference) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||
| No education | 0.87 | 0.78 | 0.83 | 0.74 | ||
| Primary | 1.85* | 1.71* | 1.76* | 1.64+ | ||
| Type of Occupation | ||||||
| Professional work (reference) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Domestic work | 0.62 | 0.55+ | 0.60 | 0.52+ | ||
| Business work | 0.80 | 0.77 | 0.78 | 0.75 | ||
| Small sells | 0.26** | 0.25** | 0.25** | 0.23** | ||
| Art work | 0.82 | 0.84 | 0.86 | 0.88 | ||
| Unemployed or student | 0.95 | 0.85 | 0.92 | 0.81 | ||
| Other occupation | 0.92 | 0.93 | 0.89 | 0.90 | ||
| Type of Toilet | ||||||
| Flush toilet (reference) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Non-flush toilet | 1.21 | 1.27 | 1.17 | 1.23 | ||
| Improved latrine | 0.71 | 0.71 | 0.72 | 0.73 | ||
| Non-improved latrine or no latrine in the residence | 1.32 | 1.39 | 1.28 | 1.36 | ||
| Drinking water treatment | ||||||
| Does not treat (reference) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Treats | 0.46** | 0.46** | 0.49** | 0.49** | ||
| Household car ownship | ||||||
| Does not own a car (reference) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Owns a car | 1.00 | 1.01 | 0.97 | 0.99 | ||
| Family size | 1.02 | 1.02 | 1.03 | 1.02 | ||
| Health Behaviors | ||||||
| Perception about own body weight | ||||||
| High or overweight (reference) | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
| Normal | 1.09 | 1.22 | 1.22 | |||
| Low body weight | 1.54 | 1.63 | 1.70+ | |||
| Don't know | 1.36 | 1.69 | 1.92 | |||
| Work involves intensive physical activity | ||||||
| No (reference) | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
| Yes | 0.63* | 0.62* | 0.60* | |||
| Smoking status | ||||||
| No (reference) | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
| Yes | 0.71 | 0.76 | 0.82 | |||
| Alcohol consumption | ||||||
| No alcohol (reference) | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
| Monthly or less | 1.01 | 0.99 | 0.98 | |||
| 2-4 times per month | 0.62+ | 0.82 | 0.80 | |||
| 2 times or more per week | 0.78 | 1.20 | 1.15 | |||
| Perceptions about Community Main Health Problems | ||||||
| Sanitation problem | ||||||
| No (reference) | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
| Yes | 1.06 | 1.17 | 1.21 | |||
| Alcohol consumption | ||||||
| No (reference) | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
| Yes | 1.01 | 1.01 | 1.01 | |||
| Tobacco consumption | ||||||
| No (reference) | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
| Yes | 0.88 | 0.81 | 0.77 | |||
| Drugs’ consumption | ||||||
| No (reference) | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
| Yes | 1.43 | 1.31 | 1.32 | |||
| Crime | ||||||
| No (reference) | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
| Yes | 0.45* | 0.40* | 0.42* | |||
| Road accidents | ||||||
| No (reference) | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
| Yes | 0.89 | 0.88 | 0.94 | |||
| Respiratory problems | ||||||
| No (reference) | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
| Yes | 0.62 | 0.69 | 0.69 | |||
| Hypertension or heart problem | ||||||
| No (reference) | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
| Yes | 1.71** | 1.45+ | 1.56* | |||
| HIV/AIDS problem | ||||||
| No (reference) | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
| Yes | 1.31 | 1.24 | 1.26 | |||
| Malaria, tuberculosis or diarrhea | ||||||
| No (reference) | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
| Yes | 1.12 | 1.07 | 1.00 | |||
| Intercept | 1.12 | 1.34 | 1.09 | 0.86 | 0.92 | 0.86 |
| Model Chi-Square | 86.86** | 15.22+ | 94.92** | 16.74+ | 94.25** | 97.03** |
| N | 677 | 677 | 677 | 677 | 677 | 677 |
+ − p < 0.1; *- p ≤ 0.05; **- p ≤ 0.01