Table 1.
Sample characteristics (N = 1248 individuals)
| Variable | Women (N = 539) |
Men (N = 709) |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (SD)/% | Range | Mean (SD)/% | Range | t-statistic/ z-statistica | P value | |
| Immune measures | ||||||
| EBV antibodies (ELISA units) | 98.68 (58.68) | 13.95–300.34 | 77.64 (48.82) | 16.60–286.18 | −6.74 | <0.0001 |
| CRP (mg/L) | 1.42 (4.84) | 0.10–79.00 | 1.16 (3.71) | 0.10–49.3 | −1.04 | 0.297 |
| CMI:CRP (standardized ratio) | 0.99 (0.14) | 0.61–1.36 | 1.03 (0.13) | 0.63–1.34 | 4.95 | <0.0001 |
| Total (CMI + CRP) immune investment | 19.80 (1.39) | 16.98–24.72 | 20.15(1.37) | 16.97–24.47 | 4.43 | <0.0001 |
| Independent variables | ||||||
| Age in 2005 (years) | 21.47 (0.33) | 20.76–22.44 | 21.47 (0.30) | 20.8–22.09 | 0.13 | 0.900 |
| Birth weight (kg) | 2.99 (0.41) | 1.7–4.1 | 3.02 (0.43) | 0.91–4.20 | 1.04 | 0.300 |
| Weight gain, 0–2 years (kg) | 6.48 (1.03) | 2.77–9.1 | 7.10 (1.10) | 2.8–11.04 | 10.30 | <0.0001 |
| Infectious morbidity, 0–2 years (no. of episodes) | 9.00 (2.10) | 2–12 | 9.22 (2.09) | 1–12 | 1.89 | 0.059 |
| Likelihood of exposure to animal feces, 6–12 months (no. of intervals) | 1.18 (1.24) | 0–4 | 1.32 (1.31) | 0–4 | 1.88 | 0.061 |
| Waist circumference, 2005 (cm) | 68.19 (7.37) | 53.9–104 | 72.10 (7.54) | 56.5–112 | 9.14 | <0.0001 |
| Born in the dry season (%) | 20.96 | 20.45 | −0.22 | 0.824 | ||
| Experienced maternal absence (%) | 8.35 | 9.73 | 0.84 | 0.401 | ||
| Experienced sibling death (%) | 13.17 | 12.83 | −0.1758 | 0.861 | ||
| Experienced paternal instability (%) | 8.35 | 8.46 | 0.07 | 0.943 | ||
a
T-test-unequal variances with Welch's correction; z-statistic for two-sample test of proportions.