(A and B) Weight loss (A), colon length and gross pathology (B) of WT and Atg16L1ΔCD11c mice orally treated with PBS or B. fragilis WT-OMV during DNBS colitis. Sham groups were treated with ethanol. (C) Colitis scores by a blinded pathologist using a standard scoring system, and representative H & E images. Scale bar represents 100 μm. (D and E) Mesenteric lymph node (MLN) lymphocytes isolated post-DNBS analyzed for IL-10 (D) and IL-17A (E) production among CD4+Foxp3+ Tregs, as assessed by flow cytometry. Error bars represent S.E.M. * p < 0.05, *** p < 0.001, **** p < 0.0001. Two-way ANOVA, followed by Tukey’s post-hoc analysis. Data are representative of at least 3 independent experiments, with 3-9 mice/group.